Kuyobora Kwishyuza: Uburyo Ububiko bw'ingufu burimo guhindura imiterere kubakiriya ba B2B

Incamake yiterambere nogukoresha inganda zibika ingufu.

1. Intangiriro yubuhanga bwo kubika ingufu.

Kubika ingufu ni ukubika ingufu. Yerekeza ku ikoranabuhanga rihindura uburyo bumwe bwingufu muburyo butajegajega kandi bukabikwa. Baca barekura muburyo bwihariye mugihe bikenewe. Amahame atandukanye yo kubika ingufu yabigabanyijemo ubwoko 3: ubukanishi, amashanyarazi, na mashanyarazi. Buri bwoko bwo kubika ingufu bufite imbaraga zabyo, imiterere, hamwe nikoreshwa.

Ifite ibyiza. Ibi birimo ingaruka nke ziva muri geografiya. Bafite kandi igihe gito cyo kubaka nubucucike bwinshi. Nkigisubizo, kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bworoshye. Ikora mubihe byinshi byo kubika ingufu. Nubuhanga bwo kubika ingufu. Ifite intera nini yo gukoresha hamwe nibishoboka byiterambere. Ibyingenzi ni bateri ya lithium-ion. Zikoreshwa muri ssenariyo kuva muminota kugeza kumasaha.

2. Ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu

Kubika ingufu bifite ibintu byinshi byo gukoresha muri sisitemu yingufu. Ububiko bwingufu bufite ibintu 3 byingenzi bikoreshwa: kubyara ingufu, gride, nabakoresha. Ni:

Amashanyarazi mashya atandukanye nubwoko gakondo. Biterwa nibihe bisanzwe. Harimo urumuri n'ubushyuhe. Ibisohoka byamashanyarazi biratandukana mugihe cyumunsi. Guhindura imbaraga zo gusaba ntibishoboka. Nisoko idahinduka. Iyo ubushobozi bwashizweho cyangwa ingufu zitanga ingufu zigera kurwego runaka. Bizagira ingaruka kumashanyarazi. Kugira ngo ingufu z'amashanyarazi zigire umutekano kandi zihamye, sisitemu nshya y'ingufu izakoresha ibicuruzwa bibika ingufu. Bazongera guhuza kuri gride kugirango borohereze ingufu zisohoka. Ibi bizagabanya ingaruka zingufu nshya. Ibi birimo ingufu za Photovoltaque numuyaga. Birahinduka kandi bigahinduka. Bizakemura kandi ibibazo byo gukoresha ingufu, nkumuyaga no guta urumuri.

Igishushanyo mbonera cya gride nubwubatsi bikurikiza uburyo ntarengwa bwo kwikorera. Babikora kuruhande rwa gride. Nibibaho mugihe wubaka gride nshya cyangwa wongeyeho ubushobozi. Ibikoresho bigomba gusuzuma umutwaro ntarengwa. Ibi bizaganisha ku biciro byinshi no gukoresha umutungo muke. Kuzamuka kwa gride-kuruhande rwingufu zishobora guhagarika uburyo bwambere bwo kwikorera. Mugihe ukora gride nshya cyangwa kwagura iyakera, irashobora kugabanya umurongo wa gride. Itezimbere kandi kwagura no kuzamura ibikoresho. Ibi bizigama ibiciro byishoramari kandi bitezimbere imikoreshereze yumutungo. Ububiko bw'ingufu bukoresha kontineri nk'itwara nyamukuru. Ikoreshwa kumashanyarazi no kumpande. Nubusanzwe kubisabwa bifite imbaraga zirenga 30kW. Bakeneye ubushobozi bwo hejuru bwibicuruzwa.

Sisitemu nshya yingufu kuruhande rwabakoresha ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubyara no kubika ingufu. Ibi bigabanya ibiciro by'amashanyarazi kandi bikoresha ububiko bw'ingufu kugirango imbaraga zihoshe. Muri icyo gihe, abakoresha barashobora kandi gukoresha uburyo bwo kubika ingufu kugirango babike amashanyarazi mugihe ibiciro biri hasi. Ibi bituma bagabanya gukoresha amashanyarazi ya gride mugihe ibiciro biri hejuru. Bashobora kandi kugurisha amashanyarazi muri sisitemu yo kubika kugirango babone amafaranga kuva ku giciro cyo hejuru n’ibibaya. Kubika ingufu-kuruhande rukoresha akabati nkibintu nyamukuru bitwara. Ihuza porogaramu muri parike yinganda nubucuruzi kandi ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi yumuriro. Ibi biri mumashanyarazi 1kW kugeza 10kW. Ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa buri hasi.

3. Sisitemu "isoko-grid-umutwaro-ububiko" ni uburyo bwagutse bwo kubika ingufu

Sisitemu "isoko-grid-umutwaro-ububiko" ni uburyo bwo gukora. Harimo igisubizo cy "inkomoko yimbaraga, umuyoboro wamashanyarazi, umutwaro, nububiko bwingufu". Irashobora kuzamura ingufu zikoreshwa neza hamwe numutekano wa gride. Irashobora gukemura ibibazo nka grid ihindagurika mugukoresha ingufu zisukuye. Muri iyi sisitemu, isoko niyo itanga ingufu. Harimo ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, nk'izuba, umuyaga, n'amashanyarazi. Harimo kandi ingufu gakondo, nk'amakara, peteroli, na gaze gasanzwe. Imiyoboro ni umuyoboro wohereza ingufu. Harimo imirongo yohereza hamwe nibikoresho bya sisitemu. Umutwaro nuwanyuma ukoresha imbaraga. Harimo abaturage, ibigo, nibikorwa rusange. Ububiko nubuhanga bwo kubika ingufu. Harimo ibikoresho byo kubika n'ikoranabuhanga.

Muri sisitemu ishaje, amashanyarazi yumuriro nisoko yamashanyarazi. Amazu n'inganda ni umutwaro. Bombi baratandukanye. Imashanyarazi irabahuza. Ikoresha uburyo bunini bwo kugenzura. Nigihe-cyo kuringaniza uburyo aho imbaraga zinkomoko zikurikira umutwaro.

Muri "neue Leistungssystem", sisitemu yongeyeho icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza imodoka nshya zingufu nk "umutwaro" kubakoresha. Ibi byongereye cyane umuvuduko kuri gride. Uburyo bushya bwingufu, kimwe nifoto yerekana amashusho, byatumye abakoresha bahinduka "isoko yimbaraga." Nanone, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bikenera kwishyurwa byihuse. Kandi, ingufu nshya zitanga ingufu ntizihinduka. Abakoresha rero bakeneye "kubika ingufu" kugirango borohereze ingaruka zamashanyarazi no gukoresha kuri gride. Ibi bizafasha gukoresha imbaraga zo hejuru no kubika ingufu.

Gukoresha ingufu nshya biratandukanye. Abakoresha ubu barashaka kubaka microgrid zaho. Ihuza "amasoko yingufu" (urumuri), "kubika ingufu" (kubika), na "imizigo" (kwishyuza). Bakoresha kugenzura no gutumanaho tekinoroji mugucunga amasoko menshi yingufu. Bareka abakoresha kubyara kandi bagakoresha ingufu nshya mugace. Bahuza kandi amashanyarazi manini muburyo bubiri. Ibi bigabanya ingaruka zabo kuri gride kandi bifasha kuringaniza. Microgrid ntoya nububiko bwingufu ni "sisitemu yo kubika no kwishyuza". Byahujwe. Nibikorwa byingenzi by "ububiko bwa gride yububiko".

二. Ibyifuzo byo gusaba hamwe nubushobozi bwisoko ryinganda zibika ingufu

Raporo ya CNESA ivuga ko mu mpera za 2023, ubushobozi bwose bwo gukora imishinga yo kubika ingufu bwari 289.20GW. Ibi byiyongereyeho 21,92% kuva kuri 237.20GW mu mpera za 2022.Ubushobozi bwose bwashyizweho bwo kubika ingufu nshya bwageze kuri 91.33GW. Ubu ni ubwiyongere bwa 99,62% kuva umwaka ushize.

Mu mpera za 2023, ubushobozi bwose bwimishinga yo kubika ingufu mubushinwa bwageze kuri 86.50GW. Yiyongereyeho 44,65% kuva kuri 59.80GW mu mpera za 2022. Ubu bagize 29.91% by’ubushobozi bw’isi yose, biyongeraho 4.70% guhera mu mpera za 2022. Muri bo, ububiko bwa pompe bufite ubushobozi bwinshi. Ifite 59.40%. Ubwiyongere bw'isoko buturuka ahanini kubika ingufu nshya. Ibi birimo bateri ya lithium-ion, bateri ya aside-aside, n'umwuka uhumeka. Bafite ubushobozi bwa 34.51GW. Ubu ni ubwiyongere bwa 163.93% kuva umwaka ushize. Mu 2023, Ubushinwa bushya bubika ingufu buziyongera kuri 21.44GW, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 191,77%. Kubika ingufu nshya birimo bateri ya lithium-ion hamwe numwuka uhumeka. Byombi bifite amajana ya gride-ihuza, megawatt-urwego rwimishinga.

Urebye igenamigambi no kubaka imishinga mishya yo kubika ingufu, ububiko bushya bw’Ubushinwa bwabaye bunini. Muri 2022, hari imishinga 1.799. Barateganijwe, barimo kubakwa, cyangwa mubikorwa. Bafite ubushobozi bwuzuye bwa 104.50GW. Byinshi mubikorwa bishya byo kubika ingufu zashyizwe mubikorwa ni bito kandi biciriritse. Igipimo cyabo kiri munsi ya 10MW. Bagize hafi 61,98% byuzuye. Imishinga yo kubika ingufu mugutegura no kubakwa ahanini nini. Ni 10MW no hejuru. Bagize 75,73% byuzuye. Imishinga irenga 402 100-megawatt iri mubikorwa. Bafite ishingiro nibisabwa kugirango babike ingufu za gride.