1.Umuyoboro w'izuba ni iki？
Imirasire y'izuba ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Zikoreshwa kuruhande rwa DC yumuriro wizuba. Bafite ibintu byiza bifatika. Ibi birimo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke. Na none, kumirasire ya UV, amazi, spray yumunyu, acide nkeya, na alkalis nkeya. Bafite kandi kurwanya gusaza n'umuriro.
Intsinga ya Photovoltaque nayo ni insinga zidasanzwe za Solar. Zikoreshwa cyane cyane mubihe bibi. Moderi isanzwe irimo PV1-F na H1Z2Z2-K.Danyang Winpowerni uruganda rukora izuba
Imirasire y'izuba ikunze kuba ku zuba. Imirasire y'izuba akenshi iba imeze nabi. Bahura nubushyuhe bwinshi nimirasire ya UV. Mu Burayi, iminsi yizuba izatera ubushyuhe bwaho ingufu zizuba zikagera kuri 100 ° C.
Intsinga ya Photovoltaque numuyoboro uhuriweho ushyizwe mumirasire y'izuba. Ifite igifuniko gikingira hamwe nuburyo bubiri. Ifishi nimwe-yibanze hamwe na kabiri. Insinga zikozwe mubyuma.
Irashobora gutwara ingufu z'amashanyarazi mumirasire y'izuba. Ibi bituma selile zikoresha sisitemu.
2. Ibikoresho byibicuruzwa:
1) Umuyobozi: insinga y'umuringa
2) Ibikoresho byo hanze: XLPE (izwi kandi nka: guhuza polyethylene) ni ibikoresho byikingira.
3. Imiterere:
1) Mubisanzwe umuringa usukuye cyangwa ucuzwe mu muringa uyobora umuringa
2) Imbere yimbere hamwe nicyuma cyo hanze ni ubwoko 2
4. Ibiranga:
1) Ingano ntoya nuburemere bworoshye, kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije.
2) Ibikoresho byiza bya mashini hamwe nubutunzi bwimiti, ubushobozi bunini bwo gutwara;
3) Ingano ntoya, uburemere bworoshye nigiciro gito ugereranije nizindi nsinga zisa;
4) Ifite: kurwanya ingese nziza, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe na aside hamwe na alkali. Ifite kandi imbaraga zo kwambara kandi ntizangirika nubushuhe. Irashobora gukoreshwa mubidukikije. Ifite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya gusaza, hamwe nubuzima burebure.
5) Birahendutse. Irashobora gukoreshwa mumyanda, amazi yimvura, nimirasire ya UV. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubindi bitangazamakuru bikomeye byangirika, nka acide na alkalis.
Intsinga ya Photovoltaque ifite imiterere yoroshye. Bakoresha imishwarara ya polyolefin. Ibi bikoresho bifite ubushyuhe buhebuje, ubukonje, amavuta, hamwe na UV birwanya. Irashobora gukoreshwa mubihe bibi bidukikije. Igihe kimwe, ifite imbaraga zingana. Irashobora guhaza ingufu z'izuba mugihe gishya.
5. Ibyiza
Kiyobora irwanya ruswa. Ikozwe mumashanyarazi yoroshye yumuringa, irwanya ruswa neza.
Kwikingira bikozwe mubukonje, umwotsi muke, halogen idafite ibikoresho. Irashobora kwihanganira -40 ℃ kandi ifite ubukonje bwiza.
3) Irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Icyatsi gikozwe mubushyuhe butarwanya ubushyuhe, umwotsi muke, ibikoresho bya halogene. Irashobora guhangana nubushyuhe bugera kuri 120 ℃ kandi ifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane.
Nyuma yo kurasa, insinga ya insinga yunguka indi mitungo. Muri byo harimo kurwanya UV, kurwanya amavuta, no kuramba.
6. Ibiranga:
Ibiranga umugozi biva muburyo bwihariye bwo kubika ibikoresho. Turabita guhuza PE. Nyuma yo kuraswa na moteri yihuta, imiterere ya kabili yibikoresho bya molekile bizahinduka. Ibi bizamura imikorere yayo muburyo bwose.
Umugozi urwanya imizigo. Mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho no kubungabunga, birashobora kunyuzwa kumurongo utyaye winyenyeri yo hejuru. Umugozi ugomba kwihanganira igitutu, kunama, guhagarika umutima, imitwaro yambukiranya imipaka, n'ingaruka zikomeye.
Niba umugozi wumugozi udakomeye bihagije, byangiza insinga. Ibi bizagabanya ubuzima bwumugozi cyangwa bitera ibibazo nkumuzunguruko mugufi, umuriro, no gukomeretsa.
7. Ibiranga:
Umutekano ninyungu nini. Intsinga zifite amashanyarazi meza hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi zamashanyarazi. Bashobora guhangana n’umuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi bakarwanya gusaza kwikirere. Kwikingira kwabo kurahamye kandi kwizewe. Iremeza ko urwego rwa AC ruringanizwa hagati yibikoresho kandi byujuje ibisabwa byumutekano.
2) Intsinga ya Photovoltaque ihendutse mugukwirakwiza ingufu. Babika ingufu zirenze insinga za PVC. Barashobora kumenya ibyangiritse byihuse kandi neza. Ibi bitezimbere umutekano numutekano kandi bigabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.
3) Kwiyubaka byoroshye: insinga za PV zifite ubuso bunoze. Biroroshye gutandukanya no gucomeka no hanze. Biroroshye kandi byoroshye gushiraho. Ibi bituma byoroha kubashiraho gukora vuba. Birashobora kandi gutunganywa no gushyirwaho. Ibi byazamuye cyane umwanya uri hagati yibikoresho n'umwanya wabitswe.
4) Ibikoresho fatizo byinsinga zifotora bikurikiza amategeko arengera ibidukikije. Bahura n'ibipimo bifatika hamwe na formulaire zabo. Mugihe cyo gukoresha no kwishyiriraho, uburozi ubwo aribwo bwose bwasohowe byujuje amategeko y’ibidukikije.
8. Imikorere (imikorere y'amashanyarazi)
1) Kurwanya DC: Kurwanya DC kwingingo ziyobora ya kabili yarangiye kuri 20 ° C ntabwo irenze 5.09Ω / km.
2) Ikizamini ni kuri voltage yo kwibiza mumazi. Umugozi wuzuye (20m) ushyirwa muri (20 ± 5) ℃ amazi ya 1h. Hanyuma, irageragezwa hamwe na 5min ya voltage (AC 6.5kV cyangwa DC 15kV) nta gusenyuka.
Icyitegererezo kirwanya ingufu za DC igihe kirekire. Ifite uburebure bwa 5m kandi mumazi yatoboye hamwe na 3% NaCl kuri (85 ± 2) ℃ kuri (240 ± 2) h. Impera zombi zihura namazi kuri 30cm.
Umuvuduko wa 0.9kV DC ushyirwa hagati yimbere namazi. Intangiriro ikora amashanyarazi. Ihujwe na pole nziza. Amazi ahujwe na pole mbi.
Nyuma yo gufata icyitegererezo, bakora ikizamini cya voltage immersion. Umuvuduko wikizamini ni AC
4) Kurwanya insulasiyo ya kabili yarangiye kuri 20 ℃ ntabwo iri munsi ya 1014Ω · cm. Kuri 90 ℃, ntabwo iri munsi ya 1011Ω · cm.
5) Urupapuro rufite imbaraga zo guhangana. Igomba kuba nibura 109Ω.
9. Porogaramu
Intsinga ya Photovoltaque ikoreshwa kenshi mumirima yumuyaga. Zitanga imbaraga nintera kubikoresho bifotora na foto yumuriro.
2) Imirasire y'izuba ikoresha insinga za Photovoltaque. Bahuza imirasire y'izuba, bakusanya ingufu z'izuba, kandi bagatanga ingufu mumutekano. Batezimbere kandi amashanyarazi meza.
3) Porogaramu ya mashanyarazi: insinga za Photovoltaic zirashobora kandi guhuza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ahari. Bakusanya imbaraga zabyaye kandi bagumane ubuziranenge bwimbaraga. Bagabanya kandi ibiciro byo kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi no kuzamura amashanyarazi.
4) Intsinga ya Photovoltaque ifite ubundi buryo bukoreshwa. Bahuza imirasire y'izuba, inverter, paneli, n'amatara. Ikoranabuhanga ryoroshya insinga. Ni ngombwa mugushushanya. Ibi birashobora kubika umwanya no kunoza akazi.
10. Umwanya wo gukoresha
Ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi yizuba cyangwa ibikoresho byizuba. Nibikoresho byo gukoresha ibikoresho no guhuza. Ifite ubushobozi bukomeye no guhangana nikirere. Nibyiza gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi menshi ibidukikije kwisi yose.
Numugozi wibikoresho byizuba, birashobora gukoreshwa hanze mubihe bitandukanye. Irashobora kandi gukorera ahantu humye kandi huzuye.
Iki gicuruzwa ni icyuma cyoroshye gifite intangiriro imwe. Zikoreshwa kuruhande rwa CD ya sisitemu yizuba. Sisitemu ifite ingufu za DC nini ya 1.8kV (intangiriro kuri core, idafite ishingiro). Ibi nkuko byasobanuwe muri 2PfG 1169 / 08.2007.
Iki gicuruzwa nikoreshwa murwego rwumutekano wa II. Umugozi urashobora gukora kuri 90 ℃. Kandi, urashobora gukoresha insinga nyinshi murwego rumwe.
11. Ibyingenzi
1) Irashobora gukoreshwa munsi yizuba
2) Ubushuhe bukoreshwa mubidukikije -40 ℃ ~ + 90 ℃
3) Ubuzima bwa serivisi bugomba kurenza imyaka 20
4) Usibye 62930 IEC 133/134, ubundi bwoko bwinsinga bukozwe muri flame-retardant polyolefin. Ni umwotsi muke kandi nta halogene.
12. Ubwoko:
Muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, insinga zigabanijwemo insinga za DC na AC. Ukurikije imikoreshereze itandukanye no gukoresha ibidukikije, bashyizwe muburyo bukurikira:
Umugozi wa DC ukoreshwa cyane kuri:
1) Urukurikirane rw'ibice hagati y'ibigize;
Ihuza irasa. Ni hagati y'imirongo no hagati y'imirongo na DC yo gukwirakwiza udusanduku (udusanduku twa kombine).
3) Hagati yo gukwirakwiza DC na inverters.
Umugozi wa AC ukoreshwa cyane kuri:
1) Guhuza hagati ya inverters hamwe na transfert-intambwe;
2) Guhuza hagati yintambwe yo guhinduranya hamwe nibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza;
3) Guhuza ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza na gride ya power cyangwa abakoresha.
13. Ibyiza n'ibibi
1) Ibyiza:
a. Ubwiza bwizewe no kurengera ibidukikije;
b. Urwego rwagutse rwo gusaba n'umutekano mwinshi;
c. Byoroshye gushiraho kandi byubukungu;
d. Gutakaza amashanyarazi make hamwe no kwerekana ibimenyetso bito.
2) Ibibi:
a. Ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe kugirango ibidukikije bihindagurika;
b. Ugereranije igiciro kinini nigiciro giciriritse;
c. Ubuzima bwa serivisi ngufi nigihe kirekire.
Muri make, insinga ya Photovoltaque ningirakamaro cyane. Nukwohereza, guhuza, no kugenzura sisitemu yingufu. Nibyizewe, bito, kandi bihendutse. Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi birahagaze. Biroroshye gushiraho no kubungabunga. Imikoreshereze yacyo ni nziza kandi ifite umutekano kuruta insinga ya PVC bitewe nibidukikije ndetse no kohereza amashanyarazi.
14. Kwirinda
Intsinga ya Photovoltaque ntigomba gushyirwa hejuru. Birashobora kuba, niba icyuma cyongeyeho.
Intsinga ya Photovoltaque ntishobora kuba mumazi igihe kinini. Bagomba kandi kubikwa ahantu h'ubushuhe kubera impamvu zakazi.
3) Intsinga ya Photovoltaque ntishobora gushyingurwa mubutaka.
4) Koresha imiyoboro idasanzwe ya Photovoltaque kugirango insinga zifotora. Abanyamashanyarazi babigize umwuga bagomba kubashiraho.
15. Ibisabwa:
Imiyoboro ya DC yohereza amashanyarazi muri sisitemu yizuba ifite ibisabwa bitandukanye. Biratandukanye kubikoresha nibikenewe mubuhanga. Ibintu bigomba kwitabwaho ni insinga ya insinga, kurwanya ubushyuhe, no kurwanya umuriro. Nanone, gusaza cyane na diameter.
Umugozi wa DC ushyirwa hanze. Bakeneye kuba gihamya irwanya ubushuhe, izuba, ubukonje, na UV. Kubwibyo, insinga za DC muri sisitemu zagabanijwe zifotora zikoresha insinga zidasanzwe. Bafite ibyemezo bya Photovoltaque.
Ubu bwoko bwo guhuza umugozi bukoresha ibyatsi bibiri. Ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya UV, amazi, ozone, aside, n'umunyu. Ifite kandi ubushobozi bukomeye bwikirere no kwambara birwanya.
Reba DC ihuza hamwe nibisohoka bigezweho bya PV. Imiyoboro ya PV DC ikoreshwa cyane ni PV1-F1 * 4mm2, PV1-F1 * 6mm2, nibindi.
16. Guhitamo:
Intsinga zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi make ya DC igice cyizuba. Bafite ibyo basabwa bitandukanye. Ibi ni ukubera itandukaniro mugukoresha ibidukikije. Na none, tekiniki ikenewe muguhuza ibice bitandukanye. Ugomba gusuzuma ibintu bike. Ibi ni: insinga ya insinga, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya umuriro, gusaza, na diameter.
Ibisabwa byihariye nibi bikurikira:
Umugozi uri hagati yimirasire yizuba muri rusange uhujwe neza. Bakoresha umugozi wometse kuri module ihuza agasanduku. Iyo uburebure budahagije, umugozi wihariye wo kwagura urashobora gukoreshwa.
Umugozi ufite ibintu bitatu byihariye. Nibintu bya module yubunini butandukanye. Bafite igice cyambukiranya igice cya 2.5m㎡, 4.0m㎡, na 6.0m㎡.
Ubu bwoko bwa kabili bukoresha ibyatsi bibiri. Irwanya imirasire ya ultraviolet, amazi, ozone, aside, n'umunyu. Ikora neza mubihe byose kandi irwanya kwambara.
Umugozi uhuza bateri na inverter. Irasaba insinga nyinshi zoroshye zatsinze ikizamini cya UL. Insinga zigomba guhuzwa hafi bishoboka. Guhitamo insinga ngufi kandi zibyibushye birashobora kugabanya igihombo cya sisitemu. Irashobora kandi kunoza imikorere no kwizerwa.
Umugozi uhuza bateri umurongo mugenzuzi cyangwa DC ihuza agasanduku. Igomba gukoresha UL-yageragejwe, imirongo myinshi yoroshye. Agace k'insinga kambukiranya igice gikurikira icyerekezo kinini gisohoka.
Agace ka kabili ka DC gashyizweho hashingiwe kuri aya mahame. Izo nsinga zihuza imirasire y'izuba, bateri, n'imitwaro ya AC. Ibipimo byabo byapimwe ni 1,25 inshuro zabo zo gukora cyane. Intsinga zijya hagati yizuba, amatsinda ya bateri, na inverter. Umugozi wagenwe numuyoboro wikubye inshuro 1.5 ibikorwa byacyo byinshi.
17. Guhitamo insinga zifotora:
Mubihe byinshi, insinga za DC mumashanyarazi ya fotokolta ni iyo gukoresha hanze igihe kirekire. Imiterere yubwubatsi igabanya imikoreshereze ihuza. Bakoreshwa cyane muguhuza insinga. Ibikoresho byabayobora birashobora kugabanywamo umuringa hamwe na aluminiyumu.
Intsinga z'umuringa zifite antioxydants kurusha aluminium. Zimara kandi igihe kirekire, zirahamye, kandi zifite imbaraga nke zo kugabanuka no gutakaza ingufu. Mu bwubatsi, intoki z'umuringa ziroroshye. Bemerera kugoreka gato, kuburyo byoroshye guhindukira no kumutwe. Umuringa wumuringa urwanya umunaniro. Ntibavunika byoroshye nyuma yo kunama. Noneho, insinga ziroroshye. Mugihe kimwe, umuringa urakomeye kandi urashobora kwihanganira impagarara nyinshi. Ibi byoroshya kubaka kandi bituma imashini zikoreshwa.
Intsinga ya aluminiyumu iratandukanye. Bakunda okiside mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho kubera imiti ya aluminium. Ibi bibaho kubera kunyerera, umutungo wa aluminium ushobora gutera byoroshye kunanirwa.
Kubwibyo, insinga ya aluminiyumu ihendutse. Ariko, kubwumutekano nigikorwa gihamye, koresha insinga zumuringa mumishinga ya Photovoltaque.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-22-2024