Ibyo Ukeneye Kumenya Kubijyanye na EV yishyuza

Imashanyarazi ya EV ni ngombwa mugukoresha imodoka zamashanyarazi. Zimura ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi zikagera kuri bateri yimodoka neza kandi neza. Muri 2023, imiyoboro ya AC yo kwishyuza yari ikunzwe cyane, ikoreshwa 70%. Agace ka Aziya-Pasifika kari gafitehejuru ya 35% by'isoko, yerekana iterambere rya EV kwisi yose. Kumenya ibihuza bifasha ba nyiri EV guhitamo charger ikwiye.

Ibyingenzi

• Wige kubyerekeye ubwoko bwa EV kwishyuza. Kumenya umuhuza wawe bigufasha guhitamo charger ikwiye.
• Kwishyuza AC biratinda ariko bikora neza murugo. Kwishyuza DC birihuta kandi byiza murugendo rurerure. Tora ukurikije uko wishyuza.
• Umutekano ni ngombwa mugihe ukoresheje amashanyarazi ya EV. Buri gihe ugenzure ibirango byumutekano kugirango umenye neza.
• Menya ubwoko bwa EV uhuza mbere yo gukora urugendo. Ibi birinda ibibazo byo kubona charger ahantu hashya.
• Komeza hamwe namakuru agezweho. Ubuhanga bushya nka NACS ya Tesla burahindura amashanyarazi ya EV.

Ubwihindurize bwa EV yishyuza

Guhuza AC hakiri kare nimbibi zabo

Ubwa mbere, guhuza AC kwishyuza byari shingiro kandi byoroshye. Bakoze neza mugutinda kwishyurwa murugo ijoro ryose. Ariko bari bafite ibibazo bikomeye. Ntibashoboraga gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi, bityo kwishyuza byatinze. Mugihe EV zateye imbere, abantu bifuzaga uburyo bwo kwishyuza byihuse. Ibi byatumye habaho ibishushanyo bishya n'ikoranabuhanga ryiza. Ihuza rya kijyambere ryashyizweho kugirango rihuze ibyo bikenewe.

Intangiriro ya CHAdeMO yo kwishyuza DC byihuse muri za 90

Mu myaka ya za 90, CHAdeMO yahinduye amashanyarazi ya EV. Yakozwe mu Buyapani, yemerera kwishyurwa vuba DC. Imodoka nka Nissan Leaf na Mitsubishi MiEV yarayikoresheje. CHAdeMO yari ifite inyungu nyinshi:

• Yishyuye vuba na 500VDC na 125A, itanga ingufu za 62.5kW.
• Kwishyuza byarihuse cyane kurwego rwa 2 AC, wongeyeho ibirometero 25 gusa kumasaha.
• Kugeza muri 2008, CHAdeMO yabaye ihame kubera gukorera hamwe mu nganda.

Ibi byerekanaga uburyo abahuza EV bashobora kunoza iterambere rya EV bakeneye.

Iterambere rya CCS na Tesla NACS kuri EV igezweho

EVs yuyu munsi ikoresha imiyoboro ihuza nka CCS na Tesla NACS. CCS irashobora gukora amashanyarazi ya AC na DC, bigatuma ihinduka. Tesla NACS ni nziza kandi ikora neza. Tesla irateganya gusangira NACS nabandi bakora imodoka. Ibigo nka GM, Ford, na Volvo bizabikoresha vuba. Tesla irateganya kandi gufungura3.500kuri EV zose muri 2024. Izi mpinduka zituma kwishyuza byihuse kandi byoroshye kuri buri wese.

Ubwoko bwo kwishyuza AC

Ubwoko bwa 1 (SAE J1772)

Ubwoko bwa 1, cyangwa SAE J1772, bukoreshwa muri Amerika ya ruguru no mu Buyapani. Ibiranga imodoka nyinshi zo muri Aziya zikoresha uyu muhuza. Ikora kurwego rwa 1 no kurwego rwa 2 kwishyuza. Izi nzego ninziza murugo cyangwa kuri sitasiyo rusange. Ubwoko bwa 1 burashobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 7.4. Ibi bituma biba byiza kwishyurwa nijoro cyangwa byihuse kumanywa-hejuru.

Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga Ubwoko bwa 1 nimbaraga zacyo. Irashobora gukemuraGucomeka 10,000. Niba wishyuye buri munsi, birashobora kumara imyaka irenga 27. Umutekano nawo ni ngombwa. Igipimo cya J1772 kirinda guhungabana, ndetse no mu gihe cyizuba. Amapine arapfundikirwa mugihe acometse. Ibi bihagarika guhura kubwimpanuka kandi ntibyemeza ko nta mashanyarazi atemba mugihe ucometse.

Ubwoko bwa 2 (IEC 62196-2)

Ubwoko bwa 2, nabwo bwitwa IEC 62196-2, burasanzwe muburayi. Imashini nyinshi zo mu Burayi zifite ubwoko bwa 2. Ibi bituma bakorana na sitasiyo nyinshi zishyuza. Ubwoko bwa 2 bushigikira icyiciro kimwe nicyiciro cya gatatu. Irashobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 22 kW, yihuta kuruta Ubwoko bwa 1 kuri sitasiyo rusange.

Ubwoko bwa 2 uhuza biroroshye cyane. Bakorana ninsinga zitandukanye kumuvuduko utandukanye wo kwishyuza. EV nyinshi zirimo insinga ebyiri zo murugo no gukoresha rusange. Ibi bituma Ubwoko bwa 2 bukundwa nabashoferi ba EV.

Inama:Reba ubwoko bwa EV bwinjira. Menya neza ko ihuye na charger mu karere kanyu.

DC Kwishyuza Ubwoko bwihuza

CCS1

Umuhuza wa CCS1, cyangwa Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza Ubwoko bwa 1, birasanzwe muri Amerika ya ruguru. Ihuza AC na DC zishyuza icyambu kimwe. Ibi bituma bigira akamaro kubikenerwa bitandukanye. EV nyinshi zo mubirango byabanyamerika na Aziya zikoresha iyi connexion.

CCS1 iremerakwishyuza byihuse hamwe na 500 Amps yingufu.Ibi bifasha kugabanya igihe cyo kwishyuza, nibyiza murugendo rurerure. Igishushanyo cyacyo kirimo ibintu bimeze nk'amatara ya LED hamwe no gusohoka byoroshye. Ibi bituma byoroshye kandi byoroshye gukoresha. Iramba kandi cyane, ikoresha 10,000 ikoreshwa nibihe bikomeye.

Inama:Niba ufite EV muri Amerika ya ruguru, reba niba ishyigikiye CCS1. Ibi bizaguha uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho sitasiyo nyinshi.

CCS2

CCS2, cyangwa Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza Sisitemu Ubwoko 2, ikoreshwa cyane muburayi. Ihuza AC na DC kwishyuza muburyo bumwe. Ibi bituma ikorana na EV nyinshi zo mu Burayi. Ifasha icyiciro kimwe nicyiciro cya gatatu cyo kwishyuza AC, hiyongereyeho amashanyarazi menshi ya DC.

Gukenera CCS2 biriyongera uko ikoranabuhanga rya EV ritera imbere. Amashanyarazi menshi hamwe na CCS2 arashoborakwishyuza imodoka muminota 15 kugeza 30.Sisitemu yo gukonjesha muriyi charger ituma irushaho gukora neza. Ibi bituma CCS2 ikomeye kubinyabiziga binini n'amato y'ubucuruzi.

Icyitonderwa:CCS2 ihinduka igipimo nyamukuru muburayi. Nibyiza guhitamo niba uteganya gutwara hirya no hino kumugabane.

CHAdeMO

CHAdeMO, mugufi kuri “CHArge de MOve,” yatangiriye mu Buyapani kandi iracyakunzwe cyane kwishyuza DC byihuse. Itanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 62.5 kandi igashyigikira kwishyurwa byombi. Ibi bivuze ko EV yawe ishobora kohereza ingufu kuri gride cyangwa imbaraga murugo rwawe.

Nubwo abahuza CCS basanzwe cyane, CHAdeMO iracyakoreshwa. Imodoka nka Nissan Leaf yishingikiriza kuriyi gahuza. Birashoboka ko izakomeza kuboneka kugeza byibuze 2035, cyane cyane mu Buyapani no mu bice by’Uburayi.

Wari ubizi?CHAdeMO yishyuza ibyerekezo byombi byari bimwe mubyambere. Ifasha gukora sisitemu nziza yingufu zigihe kizaza.

Ubundi bwoko bwa EV Umuhuza

Tesla (NACS)

Umuhuza wa Tesla NACS urihariye muburyo bwo kwishyuza EV. Ni ntoya kuruta CCS, ifasha abakora imodoka gukora ibinyabiziga byoroshye. Ihuza ikorana na AC na DC zishyuza. Irashobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 250. Umuyoboro wa Supercharger wa Tesla ukoresha cyane cyane NACS, ariko ibirango nka GM, Ford, na Volvo bizabyemeramuri 2025.

NACS ifite inyungu nyinshi:

• Kwishyuza neza: Byishyuza gutakaza ingufu nke.
• Inyungu Zigiciro: Igishushanyo cyacyo kigabanya ibiciro byumusaruro.
• Guhuza: Ikoresha sisitemu yitumanaho imwe na CCS, bityo ikorana na EV nyinshi.

Tesla irateganya kureka EV zitari Tesla zikoresha Superchargers zayo. Ibi birashoboka ko NACS ikundwa cyane. Ariko, sitasiyo na sisitemu bishaje birashobora gukenera kuvugururwa kugirango bishyigikire iyi mpinduka.

Wari ubizi?Kugeza 2024, Tesla izamura Superchargers 3.500 kuri EV zitari Tesla.

GB / T.

Umuhuza wa GB / T nubushinwa busanzwe bwo kwishyuza EV. Ifasha kwishyuza AC na DC byombi. Amashanyarazi ya DC arashobora kugera kuri 237.5 kW, mugihe AC igera kuri 7.4 kWt. Bitandukanye nabandi bahuza, GB / T ifite ibyambu bitandukanye kuri AC na DC. Ibi bituma byoroha ariko bifata umwanya munini kumodoka.

Abahuza GB / T bakurikiza amategeko akomeye yumutekano. Harimo ibizamini byumuriro, kugenzura insulasiyo, no gupima ibidukikije. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana bimweamahame y'ingenzi:

Ubushinwa bukoresha GB / T butuma amashanyarazi yose akora mu gihugu hose. Irashyigikira kandi kwishyurwa byombi. Ibi bituma EV zohereza imbaraga kuri gride.

Inama:Niba utwaye EV mu Bushinwa, menya neza ko ishyigikira GB / T kugirango yishyure byoroshye.

Nigute wahitamo iburyo bwa EV yishyuza

Guhuza ibinyabiziga n'ibipimo by'akarere

Guhitamo neza umuhuza wa EV, menya ibyo imodoka yawe ikeneye. Uturere dutandukanye dukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwihuza. Muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, CCS1 n'ubwoko bwa 1 birasanzwe. Uburayi bukoresha cyane CCS2 na Type 2 ihuza. Imodoka ya Tesla mubisanzwe izana na NACS umuhuza. Tesla nayo irimo kuvugurura Superchargers zayo kugirango ikore nizindi EV. Ibi bituma NACS igira akamaro cyane kubashoferi bose.

Mbere yo kugura charger cyangwa ingendo, banza umenye ubwoko bwimodoka yawe. Ibi bigufasha kubona charger zihuye na EV yawe. Abakora imodoka benshi batanga imbonerahamwe yerekana abahuza ibinyabiziga byabo. Iyi mbonerahamwe irashobora kugukiza gukora amakosa.

Inama:Buri gihe ugenzure ubwoko bwihuza mbere yingendo ndende, cyane cyane mukarere.

Kwishyuza ibikenewe: urugo hamwe no kwishyuza rusange

Ingeso zawe zo kwishyuza zigira icyo uhuza ukeneye. Benshi mubafite EV bishyuza murugo, bihendutse kandi byoroshye. Kwishyura murugo bigizwe75% by'amafaranga yose yishyurwa. Amafaranga yo gufata neza ni make, 2% gusa yikiguzi cyibikoresho. Kwishyuza rusange ni 10% gusa yo kwishyuza ariko ni urufunguzo rwurugendo rurerure.

Gukora neza biterwa n'ubwoko bwa charger. Amashanyarazi yo murugo AC akora neza 100%. Amashanyarazi rusange ya DC yihuta agera kuri 92.1%. Niba ahanini wishyuza murugo, Ubwoko bwa 1 cyangwa Ubwoko bwa 2 buhuza bukora neza. Ku ngendo zo mumuhanda, hitamo EV ishyigikira byihuse DC ihuza CCS cyangwa CHAdeMO.

Wari ubizi?Amashanyarazi rusange arashaje vuba, bisaba amafaranga menshi yo kubungabunga kuruta inzu zo murugo.

Akamaro k'impamyabumenyi z'umutekano

Umutekano ni ngombwa cyane muguhitamo imiyoboro ya EV.Amashanyarazi yashizwemo nabi arashobora gushyuha cyangwa gutera umuriro. Kugirango ugumane umutekano, shaka umunyamwuga kugirango ushyire charger yawe.

Shakishaibyemezo nka UL 60730-1. Ibi byemeza ko charger ifite umutekano kandi yizewe. Amashanyarazi yemewe akurikiza amategeko akomeye kugirango yirinde ibibazo, kabone niyo byakoreshwa cyane. Gukoresha ibikoresho byemewe birinda imodoka yawe ninzu yawe kwangirika.

Icyitonderwa:Amashanyarazi yemewe ntabwo arinda umutekano gusa ahubwo anamara igihe kirekire.

Imiyoboro ya chargeri ya EV ni urufunguzo rwo gukoresha imodoka zamashanyarazi neza. Zimura imbaraga kugirango zihuze ibyo imodoka yawe ikeneye kandi ifashe isi yose gukura. Guhitamo umuhuza mwiza bisobanura kumenya imodoka yawe, ingeso yo kwishyuza, namategeko yumutekano.

Amashanyarazi aboneka aratandukanye kwisi yose. Ugereranije, hari10 EV kuri charger kwisi yose. Muri Amerika, hari EV 24 kuri buri charger. Koreya ifite ingufu nziza zo kwishyuza rusange, hamwe na 7 kW kuri EV. Ibi bintu byerekana impamvu guhitamo umuhuza mwiza ari ngombwa muburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyuza.

Inama:Reba ubwoko bwa EV ihuza ubwoko hamwe na charger zaho mbere yingendo.

Ibibazo

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo kwishyuza AC na DC?

Kwishyuza AC biratinda kandi ikoresha ubundi buryo bwo guhinduranya. Nibyiza gukoreshwa murugo. Kwishyuza DC birihuta kandi ikoresha amashanyarazi ataziguye. Nibyiza kuri sitasiyo rusange cyangwa ingendo ndende. EVs ibika DC imbaraga, AC rero ihinduka mbere. Amashanyarazi ya DC asimbuka iyi ntambwe, abika umwanya.

Nshobora gukoresha umuhuza uwo ari we wese kuri EV yanjye?

Oya, EV yawe ikeneye ubwoko bwihuza bwihariye. Ibi biterwa n'imodoka yawe n'aho uherereye. Kurugero, CCS1 isanzwe muri Amerika ya ruguru. Uburayi bukoresha cyane CCS2. Reba imfashanyigisho yimodoka cyangwa icyambu kugirango ubone umuhuza ukwiye.

Nabwirwa n'iki ko charger ifite umutekano gukoresha?

Reba ibirango byumutekano nka UL cyangwa CE kuri charger. Ibi byerekana charger yujuje amategeko yumutekano. Ntukoreshe amashanyarazi yangiritse cyangwa atemewe. Niba udashidikanya, baza abahanga cyangwa uwagukoreye EV kugirango akugire inama.

Nibyiza kwishyuza EV yanjye mumvura?

Nibyo, amashanyarazi ya EV yakozwe kugirango akore neza mugihe cyizuba. Bafite ibishushanyo mbonera byamazi kugirango bahagarike guhungabana. Biracyaza, menya neza ko icyambu n'umuhuza byumye mbere yo kwishyuza. Ibi byongera umutekano wongeyeho.

Ni kangahe nshobora kwishyuza EV yanjye?

Kwishyuza EV yawe ukurikije uko utwara. Ku ngendo ngufi, shyira iminsi mike. Ingendo ndende zirashobora gukenera kwishyurwa kenshi. Ntureke ngo bateri igabanuke munsi ya 20% kenshi. Irinde kwishyuza 100% buri munsi kugirango bateri igire ubuzima bwiza.

Inama:Koresha porogaramu ya EV kugirango ukurikirane urwego rwa bateri nuburyo bwo kwishyuza.

Danyang Winpower Wire na Cable Mfg Co, Ltd.Uwakoze ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nibikoresho, ibicuruzwa byingenzi birimo insinga z'amashanyarazi, ibyuma bifata insinga hamwe na elegitoronike. Ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo murugo ifite ubwenge, sisitemu yo gufotora, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, hamwe na sisitemu yimodoka