Mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV) bikomeje kwiyongera kwisi yose, kumva uburyo bwo kubishyuza biba ngombwa nkubitwara. Igice kimwe cyingenzi cya puzzle? Uwiteka kwishyuza. Waba ugura EV yawe yambere cyangwa ushyiraho sitasiyo yo kwishyuza, kumenya ubwoko butandukanye bwa EV ihuza ni ngombwa.
Aka gatabo kagabanya ubwoko bwingenzi bwa EV zishyuza zikoreshwa kwisi yose, uko zitandukanye, aho zikoreshwa, nigihe kizaza.
1. Intangiriro kuri EV Ibikorwa Remezo
Intsinzi ya EV ntabwo ireba ibinyabiziga ubwabyo - bijyanye na ecosystem ibakikije. Kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo nikimwe mubice byingenzi, kandi kumutima wiyi sisitemu ni umuhuza utanga ingufu.
-
Kuki abahuza bafite akamaro: Ntabwo EV zose hamwe na sitasiyo zishyuza zikoresha amacomeka amwe.
-
Itandukaniro ryakarere: Uburayi, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Aziya, n'Ubushinwa byose bifite amahame atandukanye.
-
Guhuza: Umuhuza utari wo urashobora gutuma sitasiyo yumuriro idafite akamaro kubinyabiziga byawe.
2. AC na DC Kwishyuza: Ni irihe tandukaniro?
Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora kwishyuza ukoreshejeAC (Ibindi Bigezweho) or DC (Ibiriho)amashanyarazi. Dore uko batandukanye:
| Ikiranga | Kwishyuza AC | DC Kwishyuza Byihuse |
|---|---|---|
| Inkomoko y'imbaraga | Amashanyarazi asanzwe ava kuri gride | Guhindura AC imbaraga za DC |
| Ahantu ho guhinduka | Imbere mu modoka (charger onboard) | Imbere muri sitasiyo |
| Kwishyuza Umuvuduko | Buhoro (kugeza kuri 22 kW) | Byihuta (kugeza kuri kilowati 350 no kurenga) |
| Koresha Urubanza | Kwishyuza urugo, kwishyuza ijoro ryose | Umuhanda uhagarara, sitasiyo zubucuruzi |
3. REBA J1772 (Ubwoko 1) - Igipimo cya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru
UwitekaSAE J1772, bizwi kandi nkaAndika 1, nibisanzwe byacometse muri Amerika ya ruguru kuriUrwego rwa 1 nu Rwego 2 AC kwishyuza.
Ibintu by'ingenzi:
-
Igishushanyo cya 5-pin
-
Itanga kugeza kuri 19.2 kW kuri 240V
-
Nta gufunga byikora
-
Bihujwe na EV hafi ya zose muri Amerika n'Ubuyapani (ukuyemo Tesla, bisaba adapteri)
4. Mennekes (Ubwoko 2) - Uburayi bwo kujya gucomeka
Ubwoko bwa 2, cyangwa iUmuhuza wa Mennekes, ni icomeka risanzwe mu Burayi kuriKwishyuza AC.
Ibintu by'ingenzi:
-
Iboneza 7-pin
-
Shyigikira amashanyarazi yicyiciro kimwe nicyiciro cya gatatu
-
Itanga kugeza kuri kilowati 43 (AC yihuta)
-
Harimo uburyo bwo gufunga byikora kubwumutekano
Ihuza ni itegeko mu Burayi kuri sitasiyo zose zishyuza AC.
5. Sisitemu Yishyizwe hamwe (CCS) - Amashanyarazi Yihuta Yose
UwitekaCCS.
| Inyandiko | Ubwoko shingiro | Akarere gakoreshwa | Imbaraga (DC) | Inyandiko |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCS1 | Andika 1 | Amerika y'Amajyaruguru | Kugera kuri 350 kWt | Byakoreshejwe na Ford, GM, VW, byinshi |
| CCS2 | Ubwoko bwa 2 | Uburayi | Kugera kuri 350 kWt | Bisanzwe muri EU & UK |
Igice cyo hejuru cyacomweKwishyuza AC, mugihe hepfo ibice bibiri binini bifataDC kwishyurwa vuba.
6. CHAdeMO - Ubuyapani DC Yishyuza Byihuse
CHAdeMOiCHArge de MOve, kandi ni igisubizo cyUbuyapani kwishyurwa byihuse.
Ibiranga:
-
Kwishyuza DC gusa (ntabwo bihujwe na AC)
-
Kugera kuri 100 kWt (hamwe nogutezimbere kuzamura)
-
Byakoreshejwe cyane na Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander
-
Biracyagaragara mu Buyapani, ariko buhoro buhoro bisimburwa mu tundi turere
Nubwo kugabanuka kwamamara kwisi yose, CHAdeMO izwihoibinyabiziga kugeza kuri gride (V2G)ubushobozi.
7. Tesla yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru yishyuza (NACS)
Amacomeka ya Tesla yihariye, ubu yahinduwe nkaNACS, ikomatanya ubwiza nubushobozi.
Ingingo z'ingenzi:
-
Igishushanyo cyoroshye, cyoroshye
-
Itanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 250 kuri Tesla Superchargers
-
Shyigikira AC na DC binyuze mumuhuza umwe
-
Noneho kwakirwa naFord, GM, Rivian, n'abandi muri Amerika
Imbonerahamwe yo guhuza Tesla:
| Intara | Gucomeka Byakoreshejwe | Bisaba Adapter? |
|---|---|---|
| Amerika y'Amajyaruguru | Tesla / NACS | Yego (kubatari Teslas) |
| Uburayi | Ubwoko bwa 2 (Tesla EU) | No |
| Ubushinwa | GB / T hamwe na adapt | Yego |
8. GB / T - Igipimo cy’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa
Ubushinwa bukoresha ibipimo byabwo byitwaGB / T., iza muburyo butandukanye kuri AC na DC.
Ibiranga GB / T:
-
AC umuhuza: asa nubwoko bwa 2, ariko ntabwo bihuye
-
Umuhuza wa DC: igishushanyo kidasanzwe gifite amanota menshi cyane (kugeza 237.5 kWt)
-
Guverinoma yashyizweho na EV zose zakozwe nabashinwa
Mu bihe biri imbere, Ubushinwa bushobora kwemeza verisiyo ya CCS-CHAdeMO ihuriweho.
9. Imbonerahamwe yo Kugereranya Isi yose
| Ubwoko bwumuhuza | Intara | Ubwoko bwo Kwishyuza | Imbaraga | Koresha Urubanza |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ubwoko bwa 1 (J1772) | Amerika y'Amajyaruguru | AC (Urwego 1/2) | 19.2 kW | Umuturirwa / AC rusange |
| Ubwoko bwa 2 (Mennekes) | Uburayi | AC (1/3-icyiciro) | 43 kW | Bisanzwe muri EU |
| CCS1 | Amerika y'Amajyaruguru | DC Byihuse | 350 kWt | Kwihuta kwihuta |
| CCS2 | Uburayi | DC Byihuse | 350 kWt | Amashanyarazi rusange ya DC |
| CHAdeMO | Ubuyapani, Isi yose | DC Byihuse | 100 kW + | Ibisanzwe byihuta byishyurwa |
| Tesla NACS | Amerika y'Amajyaruguru | AC / DC | 250 kWt | Tesla yihariye (kuri ubu) |
| GB / T. | Ubushinwa | AC / DC (bitandukanye) | 237.5 kWt | Igipimo cy’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa |
10. Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumuvuduko wo kwishyuza
Ndetse hamwe nugucomeka neza, umuvuduko wawe wo kwishyuza urashobora gutandukana bitewe na:
-
Igipimo cyimodoka yawe ntarengwa
-
Ingano ya bateri na leta yishyurwa
-
Ubushyuhe
-
Amashanyarazi asohoka
-
Guhuza umuhuza
Buri gihe ugenzure ibya EV yawe kugirango uhuze na charger nziza.
11. Ibikoresho byubatswe byubatswe
Imiyoboro yose ya EV yishyuza izana ibintu bikomeye byumutekano:
-
Kurinda amakosa
-
Gufunga byikora
-
Ibyuma byubushyuhe
-
Gufunga uburyo bwo gukumira gutandukana mugihe cyo kwishyuza
Ibipimo birinda ikinyabiziga cyawe nawe mugihe cyose cyo kwishyuza.
12. Ibihe bizaza muri EV kwishyuza
Inganda ziratera imbere byihuse:
-
NACS ihinduka igipimo gishya muri Amerika ya ruguru
-
CCS2 ikomeje kwiganza mu Burayi
-
Kwishyuzani kuri horizon
-
V2G (Ikinyabiziga-Kuri-Grid)tekinoroji izemerera imodoka mumashanyarazi cyangwa kugaburira ingufu kuri gride
13. Umwanzuro: Ni uwuhe muhuza ukwiye gukoresha?
Guhitamo neza umuhuza wa EV biterwa na:
-
Aho utuye
-
Ni ikihe kinyabiziga utwara
-
Ukeneye kwishura vuba
Kuri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru: ShakishaCCS1 or NACS
Kuburayi: KoreshaCCS2 or Ubwoko bwa 2
Kubushinwa: Uzakenera aGB / T-ihuzaSisitemu
Ku Buyapani:CHAdeMObiracyafite akamaro
Nkuko kwakirwa na EV bikomeje kwiyongera, tekinoroji ihuza igenda itangabyihuse, umutekano, nibindi byinshiibisubizo.
Ibibazo
Q1: Ni ubuhe buryo bwihuse bwo kwishyuza EV?
Igisubizo: Kugeza ubu, CCS na Tesla NACS bishyigikira kugeza kuri kilowati 350 yo kwishyurwa cyane.
Q2: Nshobora gukoresha charger ya CCS kuri Tesla?
Igisubizo: Yego, hamwe na adaptori ikwiye ya CCS ya moderi ya Tesla mu turere tumwe na tumwe.
Q3: CHAdeMO iracyakoreshwa?
Igisubizo: Yego, cyane cyane mubuyapani no kumodoka zimwe zishaje nka Nissan Leaf, ariko iragenda igabanuka kwisi yose.
Q4: Ni irihe tandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati yo kwishyuza AC na DC?
Igisubizo: AC itinda kandi ikishyuza binyuze mumashanyarazi yikinyabiziga, mugihe DC irihuta cyane kandi ikohereza ingufu muri bateri.
Q5: Ninde uhuza EV ikoreshwa cyane?
Igisubizo: CCS (Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza) ubu niyo ihuza abantu benshi kwisi yose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-07-2025