Akamaro k'ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi menshi mu binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi

1. Intangiriro

Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV) bihindura uburyo tugenda, bitanga isuku kandi ikora neza mumodoka gakondo ikoreshwa na gaze. Ariko inyuma yihuta kandi ikora ituje ya EV iri mubice byingenzi bikunze kutamenyekana -insinga nini cyane. Izi nsinga zifite inshingano zo kohereza ingufu hagati ya bateri, moteri, nibikoresho bitandukanye byamashanyarazi, bikora nkaubuzimaya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.

Mugihe EV igenda itera imbere, ibisabwa kuri sisitemu yo gukoresha amashanyarazi menshi. Umutekano, gukora neza, no kuramba nibibazo byingenzi, guhitamo ibikoresho nibintu byingenzi. None, ni ibihe bikoresho bikwiranye cyane na wiring ya voltage nini? Reka tubice.

2. Ubwoko bwibikoresho byinshi byo kubika insinga

Kugirango ukore neza kandi neza, insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi zigomba kubayiziritsehamwe nibikoresho byiza cyane bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe, guhangayikishwa n amashanyarazi, nibibazo bidukikije. Hano haribikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa muri insinga za voltage nyinshi:

2.1. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

PVC yigeze gukoreshwa cyane kubera iyayoigiciro gito hamwe nibikoresho byiza bya mashini. Biroroshye gutunganya kandi bitanga igihe kirekire. Ariko, PVC ifite ibibi byingenzi:

• Harimo chlorine, ituma byangiza ibidukikije n'ubuzima bwa muntu.
• Ifite ubushyuhe buke, bushobora gutera kwangirika mubushyuhe bwinshi.
• Ikunda gukomera no gucikamo igihe, cyane cyane mubihe bikabije.

Kubera ibyo bibazo, ababikora benshi barimuka bava muri PVC kugirango bashyigikire ibikoresho byateye imbere.

2.2. Polyolefin (XLPO)

XLPO nimwe mumahitamo yo hejuru ya insinga za voltage nyinshi. Dore impamvu:

• Kurwanya ubushyuhe burenze:Irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi nta gutesha agaciro.
• Imbaraga zidasanzwe za mashini:Kurwanya kunama, kurambura, n'ingaruka.
• Kuramba:Kuramba kuramba bitewe no kurwanya gusaza no kwambara.
• Imiti ihamye:Kurwanya ruswa n'ibidukikije bikaze.

Ingaruka imwe ni iyayougereranije intege nke zumuriro, ariko halogen-idafite flame-retardant XLPO ikoreshwa mugukemura iki kibazo. Kubera imikorere yayo ikomeye, XLPO ubu ni ihitamo ryibanze rya insinga za voltage nyinshi.

2.3. Thermoplastique Elastomer (TPE)

TPE ni ibintu byoroshye kandi byoroshye-gutunganya ibintu bihuza imiterere ya reberi na plastiki. Itanga:

• Elastique nzizaku bushyuhe busanzwe.
• Guhinduka, gukora byoroshye gushiraho muburyo butandukanye.

Ariko, ifite intege nke:

• Kurwanya kwambaraugereranije na XLPO.
• Imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bigatuma bidakwiranye no gusaba ibidukikije bya EV.

Kubera izo mbogamizi, TPE ntabwo aribwo buryo bwiza bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi menshi ariko iracyakoreshwa mubisabwa bimwe.

3. Ibipimo bya EV Byinshi-Umuyoboro

Kugirango umutekano wizere kandi wizewe, insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi muri EV zigomba kuba zujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda. Dore bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi bikoreshwa kwisi yose:

Ibipimo mpuzamahanga:

• Ibipimo bya IEC: Gupfukirana amashanyarazi, ubukanishi, nubushyuhe.
• Ibipimo bya ISO:
  • ISO 19642: Yibanze ku nsinga zimodoka.
  • ISO 6722: Gupfundika insinga nke za voltage ariko rimwe na rimwe zerekanwa muri porogaramu za EV.

Ibipimo by’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa:

• QC / T 1037: Igenga insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu.
• CQC 1122: Yibanze ku nsinga zishyuza EV.

Ibindi byemezo:

• LV216: Ubudage bwimodoka isanzwe.
• DEKRA K179: Igerageza kurwanya umuriro numutekano wumuriro.

4. Ibyingenzi byingenzi bisabwa

Intsinga zifite ingufu nyinshi zigomba kuba zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango habeho umutekano kandi wizewe muri EV. Reka turebe ibintu by'ingenzi bikora:

4.1. Imashanyarazi

• Gukoresha voltage nini nini nini: EV sisitemu yo hejuru ya voltage isanzwe ikora kuri400V kugeza 800V, bisaba insinga hamweKurinda.
• Irinda kumeneka kw'amashanyarazi: Kwirinda nabi birashobora guteragutakaza ingufu cyangwa se akaga gato.
• Ihangane na voltage nyinshi: Mugihe amashanyarazi ya batiri yiyongera, insinga zigomba kurwanya amashanyarazi.

4.2. Imikorere yumubiri

• Kurwanya Ubushyuhe: Mugihekwishyurwa byihuse cyangwa gutwara umuvuduko mwinshi, insinga zigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nta gushonga cyangwa gutesha agaciro.
• Kurwanya ubukonje: Muriibihe by'ubukonje, insulasiyo igomba kuguma ihindagurika kandi ntigabanuke.
• Guhinduka: Intsinga zigomba kugoreka n'inzira byoroshye mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho no gukora.
• Imbaraga za mashini: Insinga zigomba kwihanganakunyeganyega, ingaruka, no kuramburautavunitse cyangwa gutakaza imikorere.

4.3. Imikorere ya Shimi

• Kurwanya Amavuta na Fluid: Ugomba kwihanganira guhura naamavuta, amashanyarazi ya batiri, nandi mazi yimodoka.
• Kurwanya ruswa: Irinda ibyangiritse kuvaimiti n'ibidukikije bikaze.

5. Ibizaza hamwe nudushya

Iterambere ryaibisekuruza bizazaibikoresho by'insinga nini cyane ni inzira ikomeza. Dore uko ejo hazaza hazaba:

• Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu hejuru: Nkaingufu za batiri zirazamuka, insinga zigomba gushyigikirandetse urwego rwo hejuru rwimbaraga.
• Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza: Ibikoresho bishya bizashobokakora ubushyuhe bukabijendetse biruta XLPO yuyu munsi.
• Kuramba: Inganda ziragenda ziganaibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikijebigabanya umwanda kandi bitezimbere.
• Kunoza umutekano wumuriro: Uburyo bushya bwo gukumira buzatangaKurwanya flame nzizanta miti yica ubumara.
• Gukora neza: Udushya murigusohora no gutunganya tekinikebizamura imikorere ya kabili mugihe igabanya ibiciro byumusaruro.

Umwanzuro

Intsinga zifite ingufu nyinshi ningirakamaro ariko akenshi zirengagizwa igice cyimodoka yamashanyarazi. Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiyeumutekano, gukora neza, no kuramba, gutanga umusanzu muri rusange kwizerwa rya EV. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere, turashobora kwitegandetse nibikoresho byizaibyo bizamura imikorere mugihe kiribirambye. Ejo hazaza ha EV wiring ni heza, kandi guhanga udushya bizafasha guteza imbere inganda imbere!

Winpoweribinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ibikoresho byinshi byinsinga bitwikiriye ubushyuhe bwinshi kuva 105 ℃ kugeza 150 ℃. Mubikorwa bifatika, byerekana ubushyuhe budasanzwe, kubika amashanyarazi, kurengera ibidukikije hamwe nubukanishi, bitanga ingwate zizewe kumikorere ihamye yimodoka. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe nibyiza byiza byo gukora, bakemura neza imikorere yimikorere yibikoresho gakondo mubidukikije bigoye, bitanga inkunga ikomeye kumikorere yumutekano wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi mubihe bidasanzwe byakazi.