Photovoltaic Cable Umutekano mumihanda ya PV

I. Intangiriro

Isi yose iganisha ku ntego za “karuboni ebyiri” - kutabogama kwa karubone no kwangiza imyuka ya karubone - byihutishije ihinduka ry’ingufu, hamwe n’ingufu zishobora kongera gufata intera. Muburyo bushya bwo guhanga udushya, icyitegererezo cya "Photovoltaic + Umuhanda" kigaragara nkigisubizo cyiza cyo gutwara abantu icyatsi. Mugukoresha ahantu hatagira umumaro mumihanda minini, nko hejuru ya serivise hejuru yinzu hejuru yinzu, ahabigenewe kwishyurwa, ahahanamye, hamwe n’ahantu hitaruye honyine, sisitemu yo gufotora (PV) ihindura utwo turere "imiyoboro yingufu." Ibi bikoresho ntabwo bitanga ingufu zisukuye gusa ahubwo bihuza niterambere rirambye ryibikorwa remezo. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, imiterere yihariye yimihanda - kunyeganyega, ikirere gikabije, n’umuhanda mwinshi - bizana ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano bisaba kwitabwaho byihutirwa. Iyi ngingo irasobanura uburyo insinga za Photovoltaque zateye imbere zishobora gukemura ibyo bibazo, bikarinda umutekano n’ubwizerwe bwa sisitemu ya PV.

II. Ibibazo byumutekano muke muri sisitemu ya PV

Kwishyiriraho umuhanda wa PV uhura ningaruka zidasanzwe kubera ibidukikije bikora, hamwe nibibazo bitatu byibanze byumutekano bigaragara:

DC Impanuka Yumuriro Wumuriro

Kurenga 50% yumuriro ujyanye na fotovoltaque ukururwa nizuba ryimbere (DC) nkuko amakuru yinganda abitangaza. Mu mihanda minini, ibyago biriyongera. Impanuka zo mu muhanda, nko kugongana na modul ya PV ahantu hahanamye cyangwa ahantu hitaruye, birashobora kwangiza ibice, kwerekana electrode no gukurura amashanyarazi. Iyi arcs, akenshi irenga dogere ibihumbi, irashobora gutwika ibikoresho bikikije, bigatuma umuriro ukwirakwira vuba. Kuba hafi yimodoka zigenda hamwe nibimera byaka umuhanda byongerera imbaraga ingaruka ziterwa nibiza.

Byihutirwa gutabara

Sisitemu gakondo ya PV akenshi ibura uburyo bwihuse bwo guhagarika amashanyarazi ya DC. Mugihe habaye umuriro, ibice byamashanyarazi bizima bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumashanyarazi kubashinzwe kuzimya umuriro, bikadindiza igihe cyo gusubiza. Ku mihanda minini, aho gutabara ku gihe ari ngombwa kugirango hirindwe ihungabana ry’imodoka n’impanuka za kabiri, uku gutinda gushobora guteza igihombo kinini mumitungo, kubyara amashanyarazi, ndetse nubuzima bwabantu.

Kumenya Amakosa no Kubungabunga Ibibazo

Umuhanda munini PV akenshi ureshya na kilometero, bigatuma gutahura amakosa ari ikibazo cyibikoresho. Kumenya neza neza aho amashanyarazi ya arc cyangwa umurongo utandukanijwe bisaba ubugenzuzi bwagutse bwintoki, butwara igihe kandi buhenze. Uku gutinda kuvamo gutakaza amashanyarazi igihe kirekire no gukoresha amafaranga menshi, bikangiza ubuzima bwubukungu bwimishinga ya PV.

III. Uruhare rwinsinga za Photovoltaque mukuzamura umutekano

Intsinga ya Photovoltaque niyo nkingi ya sisitemu ya PV, kandi igishushanyo mbonera n'imikorere ni ngombwa mu kugabanya ingaruka zavuzwe haruguru. Igisubizo cyambere cya kabili kirashobora kuzamura cyane umutekano wumuhanda PV ukoresheje inzira zikurikira:

Igishushanyo mbonera cyiza cyo gukumira umuriro

Intsinga za PV zigezweho zakozwe na flame-retardant, ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango bihangane n’imiterere mibi y’imihanda. Kwiyongera gukingira birinda arc ndetse no mubibazo bya mehaniki, nko kunyeganyega bituruka kumodoka nyinshi cyangwa ingaruka zimyanda. Byongeye kandi, ibishushanyo mbonera birwanya ingaruka byemeza ko biramba bikagongana nimpanuka, bikagabanya amahirwe ya electrode yagaragaye numuriro ukurikira.

Kwishyira hamwe hamwe na Sisitemu Yihuta

Kugira ngo ukemure ibibazo byihutirwa, insinga za PV zirashobora guhuza hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryihuse. Izi nsinga zirimo ibyuma byinjizwamo bikurikirana ibipimo by'amashanyarazi mugihe nyacyo, bigafasha guhagarika imiyoboro ya DC mugihe cyamakosa cyangwa ibihe byihutirwa. Ubu bushobozi bukuraho ingaruka ziterwa na voltage nyinshi, bigatuma abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro batabara neza kandi byihuse. Guhuza hamwe ninganda-isanzwe yihuta yo guhagarika ibikoresho byongera sisitemu yo kwizerwa.

Kumenya amakosa hamwe na tekinoroji yaho

Umugozi wubwenge wa PV ufite ibikoresho bya enterineti (IoT) urashobora guhindura imikorere yo kumenya amakosa. Izi nsinga zirimo sensor zerekana ibintu bidasanzwe, nka arcs cyangwa ibitonyanga bya voltage, kandi byohereza amakuru muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ikomatanyije. Mugaragaza ahantu hafite amakosa hamwe nibisobanuro bihanitse, bivanaho gukenera ubugenzuzi bwagutse. Ibi bigabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga, bigabanya igihe cyateganijwe, kandi bigatanga ingufu zihoraho.

IV. Ibisubizo bya tekiniki kandi bifatika

Kugirango ukoreshe neza insinga za PV kubwumutekano, ibisubizo byinshi bya tekiniki kandi bifatika ni ngombwa:

Udushya twinshi

Umugozi wa PV wumuhanda ugomba kwihanganira ibihe bikabije, harimo ultraviolet (UV) guhura, ihindagurika ryubushyuhe, hamwe nihungabana ryumubiri. Intsinga zifite polymers-ndende-ndende hamwe na ruswa idashobora kwangirika nibyiza kubidukikije. Ibishushanyo birwanya kwinyeganyeza birusheho kongera kuramba, kwemeza ko insinga zigumaho nubwo umuhanda uhora uhindagurika.

Kwishyira hamwe kwa Sisitemu

Kwinjiza insinga za PV hamwe na tekinoroji ya gride yubuhanga itanga uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano mugihe nyacyo. Kurugero, guhuza ibyuma bifata ibyuma bya kabili hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikorwa remezo byumuhanda bikora umuyoboro uhuriweho umenya kandi ugasubiza ibibazo vuba. Iyi mikoranire itezimbere muri rusange sisitemu yo kwizerwa no gukora neza.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho no kubahiriza

Kwemeza amahame mpuzamahanga y’umutekano, nkayashyizweho na komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’amashanyarazi (IEC), yemeza ko insinga za PV zujuje umutekano muke n’ibipimo ngenderwaho. Kwipimisha buri gihe no gutanga ibyemezo munsi yumuhanda wihariye-nko kunyeganyega, ingaruka, hamwe nikirere-byemeza kwizerwa igihe kirekire.

V. Inyigo hamwe nibikorwa byiza

Imishinga myinshi ya PV imishinga kwisi yose itanga amasomo yingirakamaro. Kurugero, umushinga wicyitegererezo mubuholandi washyizeho panne ya PV kuruhande rwinzitizi zamajwi, ukoresheje insinga za flame-retardant insinga hamwe na sensor sensor. Umushinga wavuze ko igabanuka rya 30% ryamafaranga yo kubungabunga kubera gutahura amakosa mu buryo bwikora. Ku rundi ruhande, ibyabaye mu 2023 mu Bushinwa byagaragaje ingaruka z'insinga zitujuje ubuziranenge, aho umuriro watewe na arc muri sisitemu yo mu muhanda wa PV watumye habaho amasaha make. Ibikorwa byiza birimo guhitamo insinga zemewe, gukora igenzura risanzwe, no guhuza sisitemu yo guhagarika byihuse kugirango umutekano wiyongere.

VI. Icyerekezo kizaza

Ejo hazaza h’umutekano wa PV umutekano uri mu ikoranabuhanga rigenda rigaragara hamwe nigisubizo cyagutse. Ubwenge bwa artificiel (AI) -koresha uburyo bwo guhanura bushobora gusesengura amakuru yimikorere ya kabili kugirango tumenye amakosa mbere yuko abaho. Sisitemu ya kabili ya PV, yagenewe kwishyiriraho byoroshye no kuyisimbuza, irashobora guhuza n'imiterere itandukanye y'imihanda. Byongeye kandi, urwego rwa politiki rugomba gushishikarizwa gukoresha insinga zigezweho n’ikoranabuhanga ry’umutekano, kwemeza ko imishinga ya PV yo mu muhanda ihuza intego n’umutekano ndetse n’iterambere rirambye.

VII. Umwanzuro

Sisitemu ya PV yerekana amahirwe ahinduka yo kwinjiza ingufu zisubirwamo mubikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu. Nyamara, ibibazo byabo byihariye byumutekano - DC yibasiwe numuriro, imbogamizi zihutirwa, hamwe ningorane zo gutahura amakosa - bisaba ibisubizo bishya. Intsinga ya Photovoltaque igezweho, hamwe nibintu nkibikoresho bya flame-retardant, guhuza byihuse, hamwe na IoT ifasha kumenya amakosa, nibyingenzi mukubaka urwego rukomeye rwumutekano. Mu gushyira imbere iryo koranabuhanga, abafatanyabikorwa barashobora kwemeza ko imishinga ya PV yo mu muhanda itekanye kandi irambye, bigatanga inzira y’ejo hazaza heza mu bwikorezi. Ubufatanye mu bafata ibyemezo, abashakashatsi, n'abayobozi b'inganda ni ngombwa mu guteza imbere udushya no gutsinda ibibazo biri imbere.