Kuyobora ikirego: Ukuntu kubika ingufu ni uguhuza nyaburanga kubakiriya ba B2B

Incamake y'iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwa inganda zibikwa ingufu.

1. IRIBURIRO K'INGENZI ZIKURIKIRA.

Kubika ingufu ni ububiko bwingufu. Bivuga ikoranabuhanga rihindura uburyo bumwe bwingufu muburyo buhamye kandi bubibike. Baca bayirekura muburyo bwihariye mugihe bikenewe. Amahame atandukanye yo kubika ingufu yagabanije muburyo 3: imashini, elecromagnetic, na electrochemical. Buri bwoko bwo kubika ingufu bufite imbaraga zayo bwite, imico, no gukoresha.

Ifite ibyiza. Harimo ingaruka nke muri geografiya. Bafite kandi igihe gito cyo kubaka hamwe nubucucike bwingufu nyinshi. Nkigisubizo, kubika ingufu za electrochemical birashobora gukoreshwa byoroshye. Ikorera mubihe byinshi byo kubika imbaraga. Ni tekinoroji yo kubika amashanyarazi. Ifite ubwinini bukoreshwa nubushobozi bwiterambere. Intoki ni bateri ya lithium-ion. Bakoreshwa muri scenarios kuva muminota kugeza kumasaha.

2. Kubika ingufu

Ububiko bwingufu bufite ubutunzi bwibintu byakira muri sisitemu yubutegetsi. Ububiko bwingufu bufite 3 nyamukuru ikoreshwa: Igisekuru cyamashanyarazi, gride, nabakoresha. Ni:

Igisekuru gishya cyingufu kiratandukanye nubwoko gakondo. Bigira ingaruka kubibazo bisanzwe. Harimo urumuri nubushyuhe. Ibisohoka byamashanyarazi biratandukanye nigihembwe. Guhindura imbaraga kubisabwa ntibishoboka. NUBUHANO NTIBISANZWE. Iyo ubushobozi bwashyizweho cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera cyibisekuru bigera kurwego runaka. Bizagira ingaruka kumihane yububasha. Kugirango ububasha bwingufu butekanye kandi buhamye, sisitemu nshya ingufu izakoresha ibicuruzwa byububiko bwingufu. Bazongera guhura na gride kugirango borohereze imbaraga. Ibi bizagabanya ingaruka zimbaraga nshya zingufu. Ibi birimo imbaraga za Photovoltaic nimbaraga z'umuyaga. Bari hafi no guhirika. Bizakemura kandi ibibazo byo kunywa imbaraga, nkumuyaga no gutererana urumuri.

Igishushanyo gakondo cya grid nubwubatsi ukurikize uburyo ntarengwa bwo gucuruza. Babikora kuruhande rwa gride. Nibwo buryo iyo twubaka gride nshya cyangwa kongera ubushobozi. Ibikoresho bigomba gusuzuma umutwaro ntarengwa. Ibi bizaganisha ku biciro bikuru no gukoresha umutungo muto. Kuzamuka kwa grid-kuruhande ububiko birashobora kumena uburyo bwihariye bwo gucuruza. Mugihe ukora gride nshya cyangwa kwagura umusaza, birashobora kugabanya ubwinshi bwa gride. Iteza imbere kandi ibikoresho byoguka no kuzamura ibikoresho. Ibi bizigama kumafaranga yishoramari ya gride kandi atezimbere imikoreshereze. Ububiko bwingufu bukoresha ibikoresho nkuwitwaye nyamukuru. Ikoreshwa ku mpande zose n'i grid. Birashoboka cyane cyane kubisabwa nimbaraga zirenga 30kw. Bakeneye ubushobozi bwo hejuru.

Sisitemu nshya yingufu kumukoresha ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugutanga no kubika imbaraga. Ibi bikata amashanyarazi kandi gakoresha ububiko bwingufu kugirango uhatire imbaraga. Muri icyo gihe, abakoresha barashobora kandi gukoresha uburyo bwo kubika ingufu kugirango babike amashanyarazi mugihe ibiciro biri hasi. Ibi bituma bagabanya imikoreshereze ya gride mugihe ibiciro biri hejuru. Barashobora kandi kugurisha amashanyarazi muri sisitemu yo kubika kugirango babone amafaranga mu bihe by'impinga n'ibiciro by'ikibaya. Ububiko bwabakoresha-kuruhande bukoresha akabati nkabatwara nyamukuru. Irahuye nibikorwa muri parike yinganda nubucuruzi no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya PhotoVoltaic. Aba bari muri 1kw kugeza kuri 10kw. Ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa birasa.

3. "Inkomoko-grid-Umutwaro-Ububiko" ni ikintu cyagutse cyo kubika ingufu

"Inkomoko-grid-Umutwaro-Ububiko" nuburyo bwo gukora. Harimo igisubizo cya "Imbaraga Inkomoko, grid yububasha, umutwaro, nububiko bwingufu". Irashobora kuzamura imbaraga zikoresha imikorere no muri gride. Irashobora gukosora ibibazo nkibipfundaho bya gride mugukoresha ingufu zisukuye. Muri iyi sisitemu, isoko niyo itanga imbaraga. Harimo imbaraga zishobora kongerwa, nkizuba, umuyaga, na hydropoe. Harimo kandi imbaraga gakondo, nkamakara, amavuta, na gaze karemano. Grid numuyoboro wo kohereza imbaraga. Harimo imirongo yohereza hamwe nibikoresho bya sisitemu. Umutwaro ni uwukoresha imbaraga. Harimo abaturage, ibigo, n'ibikoresho rusange. Ububiko ni tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu. Harimo ibikoresho nububiko.

Muri sisitemu yimari ishaje, amashanyarazi yubushyuhe nisoko yamashanyarazi. Amazu n'inganda ni umutwaro. Byombi biratandukanye cyane. Imbaraga Grid ibahuza. Ikoresha uburyo bunini, buhuza. Nuburyo nyabwo bwo kuringaniza aho isoko rikurikira umutwaro.

Munsi ya "Neue Leistystem", Sisitemu yongeyeho icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu nka "Umutwaro" kubakoresha. Ibi byiyongereye cyane igitutu kuri grid. Uburyo bushya bwingufu, nka Photovelultaics, baretse abakoresha bahinduka "isoko." Kandi, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bakeneye kwishyuza byihuse. Kandi, igisekuru gishya cyingufu ntigihungabana. Rero, abakoresha bakeneye "kubika ingufu" kugirango babone ingaruka zigiseke cyabo no gukoresha kuri gride. Ibi bizafasha imbaraga zo gukoresha no kubika amashanyarazi.

Gukoresha ingufu nshya ni zitandukanye. Abakoresha ubu bashaka kubaka microgride yaho. Ibi bihuza "Amashanyarazi" "(Umucyo)," Ububiko bw'ingufu "(ububiko), na" imizigo "(kwishyuza). Bakoresha igenzura n'itumanaho gucunga amasoko menshi. Bareka abakoresha batanga kandi bagakoresha imbaraga nshya mugace. Bahuza kandi na gride nini muburyo bubiri. Ibi bigabanya ingaruka zabo kuri gride kandi ifasha kuringaniza. Ububiko buto bwa microgrid nububiko ni "Ububiko bwa PhotoVoltaic hamwe na sisitemu yo kwishyuza". Ihujwe. Ubu ni ingenzi cyane "inkomoko yububiko bwa gride".

二. Gusaba ibyifuzo hamwe nubushobozi bwisoko ryinganda zibikwa ingufu

Raporo ya Cnesa ivuga ko mu mpera za 2023, ubushobozi bwuzuye bwo gukora imishinga yo kubika ingufu yari 289.20GW. Ibi biri hejuru 21.92% kuva 237.20GW mu mpera za 2022. Ubushobozi bwose bwashyizweho nububiko bushya bwingufu bwageze kuri 91.33GW. Iyi ni 99,62% byiyongera kuva umwaka ushize.

Mu mpera za 2023, ubushobozi bwuzuye bwo kubika ingufu mubushinwa bwageze kuri 86.50GW. Hari hejuru ya 44.65% kuva 59.80GW mu mpera za 2022. Ubu bagize 29.91% yubushobozi bwisi, hejuru ya 4.70% uhereye ku mpera za 2022. Muri bo, ububiko bwa pompe bufite ubushobozi bwinshi. IT izimata imyaka 59.40%. Gukura isoko biza ahanini mububiko bushya. Ibi birimo bateri ya lithium-ion, bateri-acide-aside, hamwe numwuka ufunzwe. Bafite ubushobozi bwuzuye bwa 34.51gw. Iyi ni 163,93% byiyongereye kuva umwaka ushize. Muri 2023, Ububiko bushya bw'Ubushinwa buziyongera ku ya 21.44gw, umwaka wo kwiyongera k'umwaka 191.77%. Ububiko bushya burimo bateri ya lithium-ion hamwe numwuka ufunzwe. Byombi bifite amagana ya grid yahujwe, imishinga yo murwego rwa megawatt.

Gucira urubanza mu igenamigambi no kubaka imishinga mishya yo kubika ingufu, Ububiko bushya bw'Ubushinwa bwahindutse igipimo kinini. Muri 2022, hariho imishinga 1.799. Barateganijwe, barimo kubakwa, cyangwa gukora. Bafite ubushobozi bwuzuye bwa 104.50GW. Imishinga myinshi yo kubika ingufu zashyizwe mubikorwa ni nto kandi nini. Igipimo cyabo kiri munsi ya 10mw. Bagize hafi 61.98% byose. Imishinga yo kubika ingufu mugutegura no kubakwa ahanini nini cyane. Ni 10mw no hejuru. Bagize 75.73% byose. Imishinga irenga 4022 za Megawatt iri mubikorwa. Bafite ishingiro nuburyo bwo kubika ingufu kuri grid.