Amakuru - insinga zo hejuru ya voltage: Umutima wuruziga rwamashanyarazi?

Intangiriro

Nkuko isi iganisha ku isuku no mu rwego rwo gutwara abantu, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (evs) byahindutse imbere yiyi mpinduramatwara. Intangiriro yiyi modoka yateye imbere ifite ibice bikomeye: insinga zo hejuru ya voltage. Iyi migozi ntabwo ari ikindi gice cya el ecosystem-ni ubuhanzi bufite imbaraga zimodoka yamashanyarazi. Inkanzi ndende ya voltage ni ngombwa mu kwemeza imikorere, umutekano, no kwizerwa mu mavs, bikabamo umushoferi ukomeye mu gihe kizaza cyo gutwara abantu.

1. Gusobanukirwa inkwi ndende ya voltage

Ibisobanuro no gutsinda

Inkweto ndende ya voltage yagenewe cyane cyane gukemura amashanyarazi menshi yimodoka zamashanyarazi. Bitandukanye na insinga zidafite voltage zikoreshwa mububiko gakondo bwimbere (urubura), iyi migozi igomba kwihanganira imitwaro yo hejuru, mubisanzwe kuva kuri 300 kugeza kuri volt ya 1000. Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati ya voltage ndende ninsinga zidafite voltage zirimo gukenera kwiyongera, gukingira bikomeye, nubushobozi bwo kohereza imbaraga nta kubura imbaraga zikomeye.

Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki

Inkweto ndende ya voltage yamejwe kugirango ibone ibisabwa bya tekiniki. Mubisanzwe bakora mumico ya 300v kugeza 1000v DC, nubwo zimwe zambere zishobora gusaba ubushobozi bwo hejuru. Iyi migozi yubatswe mubikoresho nka polyethylene (xlpe), itanga insulation nziza no kurwanya ubushyuhe. Inkeri zikunze guhuzwa hamwe na aluminium cyangwa abatwara umuringa, baharanira gukora cyane hamwe no kurwanya bike.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe nicyemezo cyiyi migozi birimo ISO 6722 na Lv 112, biremeza ko insinga zihura numutekano hamwe nibipimo ngenderwaho. Ibipimo bikubiyemo ibintu nkibirwanya ubushyuhe, guhinduka, guhagarika umutima, no guhuza electronagnetic (EMC).

2. Uruhare rw'umugozi munini wa voltage mu modoka z'amashanyarazi

Gukwirakwiza ubutegetsi

Inkweto ndende ya voltage ningirakamaro kugirango ishyirwe neza mumodoka yamashanyarazi. Bahuza ibice by'ingenzi, nk'igipanga cya batiri, inzoka, n'amashanyarazi, kureba ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitemba neza ku nkomoko. Ubushobozi bwiyi miti yo gukemura ibibazo byinshi ni ngombwa kubikorwa nurutonde rwikinyabiziga, nkuko bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye uburyo imbaraga zifatika zitangwa.

Ibitekerezo by'umutekano

Umutekano ni impungenge zikomeye muburyo bwinsinga ziguruka. Iyi migozi igomba kuba yuzuye kandi ikangirwa gukumira ibibazo nkumuzunguruko mugufi, kwivanga kwa electonagnetic (eMI), nibibazo byumuriro. Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nka Xlpe, bikoreshwa mu kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije na Strectal StCCECKA. Byongeye kandi, gukingira ni ngombwa kurinda EMI, ishobora guhungabanya sisitemu ya elegitoroniki.

Ibintu byiza

Gukora amashanyarazi muri Evs bitwarwa cyane nubwiza nigishushanyo cyinsinga ndende. Iyi migozi yagenewe kugabanya igihombo cyingufu mugihe cyo kohereza, kiba ngombwa mugukomeza imikorere rusange yikinyabiziga. Mugutezimbere imishinga ya kabili no kugabanya, abakora barashobora kuzamura imikorere yikinyabiziga, bakatanga umusanzu mugihe kirimo urugendo rurerure hamwe nibikorwa byiza byingufu.

3. Iterambere muri Voltage ya Voltage

Udushya

Iterambere riherutse gukorwa mu bikoresho byateje agaciro ku buryo bugaragara imikorere ya voltage ya voltage. Gukoresha ibikoresho byoroheje, ibikoresho byinshi byagabanije uburemere rusange bwinsinga, bitanga umusanzu mubinyabiziga byiza. Byongeye kandi, guteza imbere ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bukabije byemeza ko iyo migozi ishobora kwihanganira ibihe bibi muri ev.

Igishushanyo mbonera

Igishushanyo cyo gukora udushya cyatumye habaho insinga zose zoroshye kandi zihinduka. Iyi migozi irashobora guterwa mumwanya muto mubinyabiziga, yemerera gukoresha neza umwanya. Byongeye kandi, kwinjiza ikoranabuhanga ryubwenge muburyo bwa cable bwatumye ikurikirana ryigihe cyo gukurikirana no gupima, gutanga amakuru yingirakamaro kumikorere ya kabi nibibazo bishobora.

Ibidukikije

Mugihe inganda zimodoka zibanda kubungamba, ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije za voltage ya voltage ya voltage hamwe na spitable. Abakora baragenda bakoresha ibikoresho birambye no gufata uburyo bwo gutunganya kugirango bagabanye imyanda. Izi mbaraga zidatanga umusanzu mubikorwa bya greeni gusa ariko nanone guhuza intego nini zo kugabanya ikirenge cyibidukikije.

4. Insinga ndende ya voltage muburyo butandukanye bwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi

Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (BEVS)

Muri Bevs, insinga ndende voltage igira uruhare runini muguhuza bateri kuri moteri yamashanyarazi nibindi bigize. Ibibazo byihariye muri Bev birimo gucunga imitwaro miremire yishyuye mugihe cyemeza ko insinga zikomeza kuramba kandi neza mukinyabiziga cyose.

Plug-Mubinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bya Hybrid (PHEVS)

PHevs bisaba insinga ndende voltage ishobora gukemura amasoko abiri yimodoka: moteri yo gutwika imbere na moteri yamashanyarazi. Iyi migozi igomba kuba itandukanye bihagije kugirango uhindure hagati yubukungu, mugihe kandi ucunga amashanyarazi yo hejuru ya sisitemu ya Hybrid.

Ibinyabiziga by'ubucuruzi no kuba byinshi-biremereye

Ibinyabiziga by'ubucuruzi no kuba byinshi-biremereye, nka bisi, amakamyo, n'imashini zinganda, isaba byinshi ku migozi ya voltage. Izi modoka zisaba insinga zishobora gukora imbaraga nini ziremereye intera ndende, nubwo nazo zikomeye zihagije zo guhangana nibidukikije bisabwa izo modoka zisaba.

5. INGORANE N'IKIBAZO CYUZUYE

Ibibazo biriho

Imwe mu mbogamizi z'ibanze mu gishushanyo kinini cya voltage ya voltage ikoresha amashanyarazi menshi mu mikino yoroheje ibinyabiziga bihumura ibinyabiziga. Nkuko evs irushaho gutera imbere, harakenewe kuringaniza ikiguzi, kuramba, no gukora iyo migozi. Kugenzura niba insinga zirashobora gukora neza mumwanya ufunze neza, aho gutandukana ubushyuhe no kwivanga hakoreshejwe amatora bishobora kuba ikibazo, ni ikindi kibazo gikomeje.

Ingendo

Insinga ndende ya voltage iri ku isonga ryibintu byinshi bigaragaye munganda za ev. Ikoranabuhanga ryihuta ryihuta, risaba insinga zishobora gukoresha urwego rwimbaraga nyinshi cyane mumatara magufi, ni ugutwara udushya mubishushanyo mbonera. Byongeye kandi, amahirwe yo kwimura amashanyarazi, nubwo aracyari mubyiciro byayo byambere, bishobora kuvuma ibisabwa mu gihe kizaza. Guhindura kuri sisitemu yo hejuru, nka 800V Ubwubatsi, niyindi myumvire isezeranya kuzamura imikorere no gukora ibisekuruza bikurikira.

Umwanzuro

Inkweto ndende ya voltage ni ikintu cyingenzi mubwihindurize bwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Uruhare rwabo mu kwanduza ubutegetsi, umutekano, no gukora neza bituma iba imfuruka yibishushanyo mbonera. Mugihe inganda zikomeje guhanga udushya, iterambere rikomeje ryikoranabuhanga rya voltage ndende rya voltage ya voltage ya voltage izaba ingenzi kubazura no gutsinda ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi.

Hamagara kubikorwa

Kubashaka kwiga byinshi kubijyanye ninkoni ndende ya voltage cyangwa gushaka ibisubizo byihariye kubishushanyo mbonera nibikorwa, tekereza kugera ku mpuguke mu nganda. Gusobanukirwa interricies yiyi migozi irashobora gutanga impande zo guhatana mumasoko yimodoka yihuta.