Inama zingenzi zo guhitamo ubwoko bwumubiri wamashanyarazi, ingano, no kwishyiriraho

Mu nsinga, ubusanzwe voltage isanzwe ipimwa muri volt (v), kandi insinga zishyirwa mu byiciro ukurikije urutonde rwabo. Urutonde vol voltage rwerekana voltage ntarengwa ya kabili karable irashobora gukora neza. Dore ibyiciro nyamukuru bya voltage kuminsi mivugo, ibyifuzo byabo bihuye, nibipimo:

1. Voltage nkeya (LV)

• Intera ya voltage: Kugeza kuri 1 kv (1000V)
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mu gutura, ubucuruzi, n'inganda, no kugaburira amashanyarazi, gucana, na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.
• Ibipimo rusange:
  • IEC 60227: Kuri PVC yize insinga (ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi).
  • IEC 60502: Kuberako insinga-voltage.
  • Bs 6004: Kubiti byuzuye bya PVC.
  • UL 62: Kubwubugozi byoroshye muri Amerika

2. Umugati wa voltage (MV)

• Intera ya voltage: 1 kv kugeza 36 kv
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mubucuruzi no gukwirakwiza imiyoboro, mubisanzwe kubisabwa byinganda cyangwa ibikoresho.
• Ibipimo rusange:
  • IEC 60502-2: Ku miyoboro ya voltage.
  • IEC 60840: Kuberako insinga zikoreshwa mumiyoboro ya volutge.
  • IEEE 383: Kubiti-birwanya ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mubutaka.

3. Inkombe ndende (HV)

• Intera ya voltage: 36 KV kugeza 245 KV
• Porogaramu: Byakoreshejwe mu kohereza intera ndende y'amashanyarazi, hafunguwe volusion nyinshi, hamwe n'ibigo by'ibinyabuzima.
• Ibipimo rusange:
  • IEC 60840: Kubiti-volutge.
  • IEC 62067: Kuko insinga zikoreshwa muri voltage ac na DC ikwirakwiza.
  • IEEE 48: Kugerageza insinga-volutge.

4. Inkombe ndende (EHV)

• Intera ya voltage: Hejuru ya 245 kv
• Porogaramu: Kuri sisitemu ya voltage-hejuru-voltage (ikoreshwa muguhindura umubare munini wamashanyarazi hejuru yimbunda ndende).
• Ibipimo rusange:
  • IEC 60840: Kubiti byinyongera-volutge.
  • IEC 62067: Byakoreshejwe insinga za voltage DC ya DC.
  • IEEE 400: Kwipimisha n'ibipimo bya sisitemu ya EHV.

5. Insinga zidasanzwe za voltage (urugero, voltage ntoya dc, imigozi y'izuba)

• Intera ya voltage: Biratandukanye, ariko mubisanzwe munsi ya 1 kv
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa kubisabwa byihariye nka sisitemu yizuba, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, cyangwa itumanaho.
• Ibipimo rusange:
  • IEC 60287: Kubara ubushobozi bwo gutwara insinga.
  • UL 4703: Ku mivubibu.
  • Tüv: Kubyemezo byizuba (urugero, TÜV 2PFG 1169 / 08.2007).

Voltage nkeya (LV) insinga na voltage ndende (HV) irashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwihariye, buri kimwe cyagenewe gusaba byihariye gishingiye kubikoresho, kubaka, nibidukikije. Hano hari ikiruhuko kirambuye:

Voltage nkeya (lv) insinga subtypes:

1. Imyandikire y'imbaraga

   • Ibisobanuro: Ibi nibisanzwe bikoreshwa cyane insinga nkeya zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi muri guturamo, ubucuruzi, nubundi buryo.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Amashanyarazi ku nyubako n'imashini.
     • Kugabura panels, guhinduranya, hamwe numuzunguruko rusange.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 60227 (PVC-Custive), IEC 60502-1 (kubwintego rusange).

2. Intwaro yintwaro (Icyuma Wintwaro - Swa, Aluminium Win Conmored -

   • Ibisobanuro: Iyi migozi ifite ibyuma cyangwa aluminium intwaro yintwaro yo kurinda imashini, bigatuma bikwiranye no hanze nibidukikije bitenga ibyangiritse kumubiri ari impungenge.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Ubutaka bwo munsi.
     • Imashini zinganda nibikoresho.
     • Ibikoresho byo hanze mubidukikije bikaze.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 60502-1, BS 5467, na BS 6346.

3. Inzego za Rubber (insabe ya rubber)

   • Ibisobanuro: Iyi migozi ikozwe hamwe na reberi no kumenagura, itanga guhinduka no kuramba. Byagenewe gukoreshwa muburyo bwigihe gito cyangwa byoroshye.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Imashini zigendanwa (urugero, crane, forklifts).
     • Amashanyarazi y'agateganyo.
     • Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, ibibuga byubwubatsi, hamwe nibisabwa hanze.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 60245 (H05RR-F, H07RN-F), UL 62 (kumigozi ihindagurika).

4. Halogen-Ubuntu (invunga nkeya)

   • Ibisobanuro: Iyi migozi ikoresha ibikoresho byubuntu bya Halogen, bituma biba bikwiranye nibidukikije aho umutekano wumuriro arimbere. Mugihe umuriro, basohora umwotsi muto kandi ntutere imyuka yangiza.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Ibibuga byindege, ibitaro, n'amashuri (inyubako rusange).
     • Uturere twinganda aho umutekano wumuriro unegura.
     • Inzira, tuneli, hamwe n'ahantu dufungiye.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 60332-1 (imyitwarire yumuriro), en 50267 (kugirango umwotsi muto).

5. Insinga zo kugenzura

   • Ibisobanuro: Ibi bikoreshwa mugutaba ibimenyetso byo kugenzura cyangwa amakuru muri sisitemu aho ikwirakwizwa ryingufu ridakenewe. Bafite abiyobora benshi, akenshi muburyo butunganijwe.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Sisitemu yo gukora (urugero, inganda, pscs).
     • Kugenzura Panels, sisitemu yo gucana, nubugenzuzi bwa moteri.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 60227, IEC 60502-1.

6. Incarare y'izuba (insinga za PhotoVoltaic)

   • Ibisobanuro: Yateguwe byumwihariko gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yizuba. Ni uv-irwanya ikirere, kandi ishoboye kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Izuba ryizuba ryimirasire (sisitemu ya PhotoVoltaic).
     • Guhuza imirasire y'izuba.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: TÜV 2PFG 1169 / 08.2007, UL 4703.

7. Insinga

   • Ibisobanuro: Iyi migozi ifite umwirondoro uringaniye, bituma biba byiza kugirango bikoreshwe ahantu hafunganye hamwe n'ahantu insinga zizengurutse zinini cyane.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mumwanya muto.
     • Ibikoresho byo mu biro cyangwa ibikoresho.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 60227, UL 62.

8. Insinga z'umuriro

   • Insinga za sisitemu yihutirwa:
     Iyi migozi yagenewe gukomeza imyitwarire y'amashanyarazi mugihe cyuzuye umuriro. Bakora imikorere yihutirwa ya sisitemu yihutirwa nkimpuruza, kurekukwa ibirungo, hamwe na pompe yumuriro.
     Porogaramu: Amazu yihutirwa mumwanya rusange, sisitemu yumutekano yumuriro, ninyubako zifite aho zigarukira.

9. Insinga y'ibikoresho

   • Insinga zoherejwe zo kwanduza ibimenyetso:
     Iyi migozi yagenewe kohereza ibimenyetso byamakuru mubidukikije hamwe na electomagnetic yivanga (eMI). Bakingiwe kugirango birinde igihombo cyibimenyetso no kwivanga hanze, haza neza ko amakuru meza yo kwanduza amakuru.
     Porogaramu: Ibikorwa byinganda, kwanduza amakuru, hamwe na emi.

10. Insinga zidasanzwe

    • Insinga zo gusaba bidasanzwe:
      Insinga zidasanzwe zagenewe inzitizi za Niche, nko gucana by'agateganyo ku bijyanye n'ubucuruzi, guhuza inkombe verti, pompe yuzuyemo, hamwe na sisitemu yo kweza amazi. Iyi migozi yubatswe kubidukikije nkibintu bya aquarium, ibidendezi byo koga, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bidasanzwe.
      Porogaramu: Ibikorwa by'agateganyo, sisitemu yarenze, Aquarium, ibidendezi byo koga, n'imashini zinganda.

11. Umugozi wa aluminium

    • Imbaraga za Aluminium:
      Insinga za Aluminium zikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza imbaraga no gukwirakwiza mubibanza byombi no hanze. Nibintu byoroshye kandi bihendutse, bikwiranye n'imiyoboro minini yo gukwirakwiza ingufu.
      Porogaramu: Gukwirakwiza ubutegetsi, hanze no kwishyiriraho munsi yubutaka, hamwe no kugabana gukomeye.

Umugati wa voltage (MV)

1. RHZ1 insinga

• Xlpe Yizewe:
  Iyi migozi yagenewe imiyoboro yo hagati ya voltage hamwe na polyethylene (xlpe). Bafite igiparo cya Halogen-Ubuntu kandi bitakandagira, bigatuma babakwiriye gutwara ingufu no gukwirakwiza imiyoboro mibi.
  Porogaramu: Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya voltage, ubwikorezi bw'ingufu.

2. Insinga za Heprz1

• Shepr yize insinga:
  Iyi migozi igaragaramo imbaraga-zirwanya imbaraga za polyethylene (HEPR) kandi ni kurebi. Nibyiza kuri voltage ikwirakwiza ingufu mubidukikije aho umutekano wumuriro ari impungenge.
  Porogaramu: Imiyoboro yo hagati ya voltage, ibidukikije byumuriro.

3. MV-90 insinga

• Xlpe Insinga zuzuye kubipimo byabanyamerika:
  Yagenewe imiyoboro ya voltage yo hagati, iyo migozi yujuje ibipimo byabanyamerika kubitekerezo bya xlpe. Bakoreshwa mu gutwara no gukwirakwiza ingufu mu buryo bunze amaso muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.
  Porogaramu: Kwanduza imbaraga mumiyoboro mibi ya voltage.

4. RHVHMVH Cabs

• Insinga zo gusaba bidasanzwe:
  Iyi nkunga y'umuringa kandi isanzwe yagenewe mu buryo bw'ingaruka zifite ibyago byo guhura n'amavuta, imiti, na hydrocarbone. Nibyiza kubikorwa mubidukikije bikaze, nkibimera.
  Porogaramu: Porogaramu zidasanzwe z'inganda, ahantu hafite imiti cyangwa amavuta.

Voltage ndende (HV) insinga suttypes:

1. Insinga ndende ya voltage

   • Ibisobanuro: Iyi migozi ikoreshwa muguhindura amashanyarazi intera ndende kuri voltage ndende (mubisanzwe 36 kv kugeza 245 kv). Basuzumwe hamwe nibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira voltage ndende.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Imbaraga zohereza imbaraga (imirongo ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi).
     • Ibisimba n'ibimera.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 60840, IEC 62067.

2. Inkweto za Xlpe (yahujwe na polyethylene yizewe)

   • Ibisobanuro: Iyi migozi ifite ubushishozi bwa polyethylene itanga imitungo isumba izindi, kurwanya ubushyuhe, no kuramba. Akenshi ikoreshwa muburyo bwo rwego kuri porogaramu ndende ya Voltage.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu nganda.
     • Imirongo yamashanyarazi.
     • Gukwirakwiza intera ndende.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 60502, IEC 60840, UL 1072.

3. Insinga zuzuye amavuta

   • Ibisobanuro: Intsinga zifite amazi yuzuye hagati yabatwara no kubasuhuza mumitungo yo kuzamura imirire itemba. Ibi bikoreshwa mubidukikije hamwe nibisabwa voltage bikabije.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Induru ya peteroli.
     • Inyanja ndende n'amazi yoherezwa mu mazi.
     • Gusaba cyane inganda zinganda.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 60502-1, IEC 60840.

4. Insinga zuzuye gaze (gil)

   • Ibisobanuro: Iyi migozi ikoresha gaze (mubisanzwe sulfur hexafluoride) nkibikoresho byo kwigunga aho gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye. Bakunze gukoreshwa mubidukikije aho umwanya ari muto.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Uturere twinshi mu mijyi (stange).
     • Ibihe bisaba kwizerwa cyane mu kwanduza kwamashanyarazi (urugero, imibura yimijyi).
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 62271-204, IEC 60840.

5. Insinga za submarine

   • Ibisobanuro: Byateguwe byumwihariko kwanduza amashanyarazi mumazi, iyi migozi yubatswe kugirango irwanye amazi nigitutu. Bakunze gukoreshwa muri intercontinental cyangwa offshore sisitemu zishobora kuvugurura.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Gukwirakwiza ubutegetsi hagati y'ibihugu cyangwa ibirwa.
     • Kumuyaga wa Offshore Farms, sisitemu yingufu zamazi.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 60287, IEC 60840.

6. Insinga za HVDC (Voltage ndende

   • Ibisobanuro: Iyi migozi yagenewe kohereza imbaraga zinyuranye (DC) hejuru yintera ndende kuri voltage ndende. Bakoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi menshi hejuru cyane.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Kwanduza intera ndende.
     • Guhuza imyuka mva mu turere cyangwa ibihugu bitandukanye.
   • Ibipimo ngenderwaho: IEC 60287, IEC 62067.

Ibice by'amashanyarazi

Umugozi w'amashanyarazi ugizwe n'ibigize byinshi by'ingenzi, buriwese atanga umurimo runaka kugirango umugozi ukora umugambi wacyo ugenewe neza kandi neza. Ibice by'ibanze by'umugozi w'amashanyarazi birimo:

1. Umuyobora

Theumuyobozinigice cyingenzi cyumugozi unyuzemo amashanyarazi. Mubisanzwe bikozwe mubintu bitera amashanyarazi meza, nkumuringa cyangwa aluminium. Uyobora ashinzwe kwitwaza ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuva ahandi.

Ubwoko bw'abatwara abayobora:

• Umuyobora wambaye ubusa:

  • Ibisobanuro: Umuringa nimwe mubikoresho bikoreshwa cyane bitewe n'amashanyarazi meza no kurwanya ruswa. Abatwara umuringa bambaye ubusa bakoreshwa mugukwirakwiza imbaraga ninsinga za voltage.
  • Porogaramu: Intsingamavu, insinga zo kugenzura, no kwinjiza inngano zo guturamo no mu nganda.

• Umuyobora uringaniye:

  • Ibisobanuro: Umuringa wanduye ni umuringa wahimbwe hamwe na tin yoroheje kugirango yongere kurwanya ingufu na okiside. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mubidukikije bya marine cyangwa aho insinga zahuye nikirere gikaze ikirere.
  • Porogaramu: Intsinga zikoreshwa mu hanze cyangwa ahantu heza cyane, porogaramu zo mu nyanja.

• Umuyobozi wa Aluminum:

  • Ibisobanuro: Aluminum ni yoroheje kandi zihenze-ubundi buryo kumuringa. Nubwo Aluminium ifite imishinga yo hasi yubwonko kuruta umuringa, akenshi ikoreshwa mububasha bwa voltage yisumbuye ninsinga ndende kubera imitungo yoroheje.
  • Porogaramu: Insinga yo gukwirakwiza imbaraga, insinga ziciriritse kandi ndende, insinga zo mu kirere.

• Aluminum Alloy:

  • Ibisobanuro: Aluminum allors abayobora guhuza aluminium hamwe nizindi mpinduka zindi miti, nka magnesium cyangwa silicon, kugirango bateze imbere imbaraga zabo nudukurikino. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugutwara hejuru.
  • Porogaramu: Hejuru yimirongo yimbaraga, gukwirakwiza volumi.

2. AMASOKO

TheinsulationUyobora umuyobozi nibyingenzi mu gukumira amashanyarazi n'imirongo migufi. Ibikoresho byo kwikinisha byatoranijwe ukurikije ubushobozi bwabo bwo kurwanya amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, no guhangayika.

Ubwoko bw'amakuba:

• PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Insulation:

  • Ibisobanuro: PVC nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane kubisambo bito kandi biciriritse. Birahinduka, biramba, kandi bitanga ibyuma byiza kuri Aburamu nubushuhe.
  • Porogaramu: Intsingamavu, insinga zo murugo, no kuvugwa insinga.

• Xlpe (ihujwe na polyethylene) insulation:

  • Ibisobanuro: Xlpe ni ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru birwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, guhangayikishwa n'amashanyarazi, no gutesha agaciro imiti. Bikunze gukoreshwa mumiyoboro isanzwe kandi ndende.
  • Porogaramu: Inkweto za volumi kandi ndende, insinga zubutegetsi kugirango ukoreshe inganda no hanze.

• EPR (Esylene Propaylene Rubber) Insulation:

  • Ibisobanuro: Insulation ya EPR itanga imitungo myiza y'amashanyarazi, ituze ry'ubushyuhe, no kurwanya ubushuhe n'imiti. Ikoreshwa mubisabwa bisaba insultion yoroshye kandi iramba.
  • Porogaramu: Intsingamavu, insinga zinganda zoroshye, ibidukikije byinshi.

• Rubber Insulation:

  • Ibisobanuro: Gusunika Rubber bikoreshwa mumitsindiro bisaba guhinduka no kwihangana. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubidukikije aho insinga zigomba kwihanganira imihangayiko ya mashini cyangwa kugenda.
  • Porogaramu: Ibikoresho bigendanwa, insinga zisukura, imashini zinganda.

• Gusuhuza Halogen (LSZH - Umwotsi Muke Zerupen):

  • Ibisobanuro: Ibikoresho byubuhinzi bwa LSZH byateguwe kugirango ntamwotsi muto bitanywa itabi kandi nta myuka ya Halogin mugihe uhuye numuriro, bituma biba byiza kubidukikije bisaba ibipimo byumutekano byumutekano.
  • Porogaramu: Inyubako rusange, tunels, ibibuga byindege, insinga zigenzura ahantu nyaburanga.

3. Ingabo

GukingiraAkenshi wongeyeho insinga kugirango urinde umuyobozi nuwisuzumisha muri electromagnetic kwivanga (EMI) cyangwa kwivanga kwa radiyo (RFI). Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukumira umugozi wo gusohora imirasire ya electomagnetic.

Ubwoko bw'ingabo:

• Umuringa uringa:

  • Ibisobanuro: Brapy frapy itanga uburinzi buhebuje kuri EMI na RFI. Bakoreshwa kenshi mubiti byintangarugero ninsinga zirimo ibimenyetso byinshi-bikenewe koherezwa nta kwivanga.
  • Porogaramu: Intsinga za data, insinga zanditse, hamwe na electronics yoroshye.

• Aluminium yashonze:

  • Ibisobanuro: Inkinzo ya Aluminium ikoreshwa mugutanga uburinzi bworoshye kandi bworoshye kuri EMI. Mubisanzwe basangwa mumitsindiro isaba guhinduka cyane no gukingira cyane.
  • Porogaramu: Insinga zoroheje, insinga-voltage yamashanyarazi.

• Ishonga:

  • Ibisobanuro: Ubu bwoko bwingabo ihuza imyanda hamwe na fraid kugirango itange uburinzi bubiri mu gihe ukomeje guhinduka.
  • Porogaramu: Intsinga y'inganda, Sisitemu yo kugenzura, insinga.

4. Ikoti (sheath yo hanze)

Theikotini umugozi wo hanze wa kabili, utanga uburinzi bwo murimaniki no kwirinda ibintu bitesha agaciro ibidukikije nkubushuhe, imiti, imirasire ya UV, no kwambara kumubiri.

Ubwoko bw'ikoti:

• Ikoti ya PVC:

  • Ibisobanuro: Amakotike ya PVC atanga uburinzi bwibanze, amazi, n'imitimwe bimwe. Bakoreshwa cyane mubushobozi rusange-intego.
  • Porogaramu: Wiring yo gutura, insinga yinganda zoroheje, insinga rusange.

• Rubber Ikoti:

  • Ibisobanuro: Ikoti rya Rubber rikoreshwa mu migozi ikeneye guhinduka no kurwanya cyane imihangayiko n'imiterere ya mashini n'ibidukikije.
  • Porogaramu: Intsinga zoroheje inganda, insinga zisukura, insinga zo hanze.

• Polyethylene (pe) ikoti:

  • Ibisobanuro: Pe Ikoti rya Pekoka ryakoreshejwe muri porogaramu aho umugozi uhuye nibisabwa hanze kandi ukeneye kurwanya imirasire ya UV, ubuhehere, n'imiti.
  • Porogaramu: Inzozi zo hanze, insinga z'itumanaho, inzitizi zo munsi.

• Halogen-Ubuntu (LSZH) Ikoti:

  • Ibisobanuro: Ikoti rya LSZH rikoreshwa ahantu hashinzwe umuriro umuriro ni ngombwa. Ibi bikoresho ntabwo birekura imyuka yuburozi cyangwa imyuka ikaze mugihe habaye umuriro.
  • Porogaramu: Inyubako rusange, tunel, ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara.

5. Intwaro (bidashoboka)

Erega ubwoko bumwe bwivunga,intwaroikoreshwa mugutanga imashini yangiritse kumubiri, ingenzi cyane kubice byo munsi yubutaka cyangwa hanze.

• Ibyuma byintwaro (swa) insinga:

  • Ibisobanuro: Icyuma Wintwaro Intwaro yongeraho igice cyinyongera cyo kurinda kwangirika, igitutu, ningaruka.
  • Porogaramu: Hanze cyangwa Undergroundropetions, ahantu hamwe nibyangiritse cyane.

• Aluminium wire yintwaro (utegereje insinga:

  • Ibisobanuro: Intwaro ya aluminium ikoreshwa kumigambi isa nkicyumanya ibyuma ariko itanga ubundi buryo bworoshye.
  • Porogaramu: Gushyira hanze, imashini zinganda, imashini zinganda.

Rimwe na rimwe, insinga z'amashanyarazi zifite ibikoresho byaIcyuma or Ingabourwego rwo gutanga ubundi buringanire no kuzamura imikorere. TheIcyumaikora intego nyinshi, nko gukumira kwivanga bya electronagnetike (eMI), kurinda umuyobozi, no gutanga umutekano. Dore nyamukuruUbwoko bw'ingabon'ibyaboImikorere yihariye:

Ubwoko bwingabo zikingira insinga

1. Copper

• Ibisobanuro: Inkingi y'umuringa igizwe n'imigozi iboheye umugozi w'umuringa uzengurutse umugozi. Numwe muburyo busanzwe bwingabo ya Metallic ikoreshwa muminsimbo.
• Imikorere:
  • Kurinda electronagnetic (EMI): Uruziga rw'umuringa rutanga ikingira cyiza kuri EMI na Radiyo (RFI). Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane mubidukikije bifite urwego rwo hejuru rwurusaku rw'amashanyarazi.
  • Hasi: Igice cy'umuringa kibamye nacyo gikora nk'inzira yo hasi, zemeza umutekano mukubabuza kubaka amashanyarazi atesha amashanyarazi.
  • Kurinda imashini: Ikongeraho urwego rwuzuye bwa kabili, bigatuma birushaho kurwanya Aburamu no kwangirika mu mbaraga zo hanze.
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mu migozi ya data, insinga y'ibikoresho, insinga z'ibimenyetso, n'insinga za electhitique.

2. Aluminium foili

• Ibisobanuro: Ingabo ya Aluminum zigizwe nigice gito cya aluminiyumu kizingiye kuri kabili, akenshi uhujwe na polyester cyangwa firime ya plastike. Iyi ngabo ni uburemere kandi itanga uburinzi buhoraho.
• Imikorere:
  • Electronagnetic Invation (EMI): Aluminum foil itanga ikingira cyane kurwanya inshuro nkeya emi na rfi, gufasha gukomeza ubusugire bw'ikimenyetso muri kabili.
  • Inzitizi: Usibye kurinda EMI, Aluminiyumu Foil akora nkumuborinzi wubushuhe, birinda amazi nabandi banduye kwinjira muri kabili.
  • Umucyo woroshye kandi ufite akamaro: Aluminum yoroshye kandi ihendutse kuruta umuringa, ikabikora igisubizo cyiza cyo gukingira.
• Porogaramu: Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwitumanaho, insinga za Coaxial, hamwe ninsinga zubusa.

3. Ihujwe no gukingira

• Ibisobanuro: Ubu bwoko bwingabo ihuza umuringa byombi na aluminiyumu kugirango utange uburinzi bubiri. Umuringa wumuringa atanga imbaraga nuburinzi bwangiritse kumubiri, mugihe aluminium itanga uburinzi bwa EMI.
• Imikorere:
  • Yongerewe Emi na RFI: Ihuriro ryingabo za braid na foil itanga uburinzi buhebuje hejuru yivanga muburyo bwa electomagnetic, kugirango ikwirakwize ibimenyetso byizewe.
  • Guhinduka no kuramba: Iyi nzego ebyiri itanga uburinzi bwamaniki (braid) hamwe no kurinda-kwivanga cyane (Foil), bigatuma ari byiza kumigozi ihindagurika.
  • Gutandukana n'umutekano: Umuringa wumuringa kandi ukora nk'inzira y'impamvu, utezimbere umutekano mubyo ya kabili.
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mumiyoboro yinganda, insinga zohereza amakuru, kwibaza ibikoresho, nibindi bikorwa aho hasabwa imbaraga zamashanyarazi na emi bisabwa.

4. Icyuma Wintwaro (swa)

• Ibisobanuro: Icyuma cyiswera kirimo gupfunyika ibyuma bikikije umugozi wa kabili, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye nubundi bwoko bwingabo cyangwa ubushishozi.
• Imikorere:
  • Kurinda imashini: Swa swa itanga uburinzi bukomeye kwirinda ingaruka, kumenagura, nibindi bishimangira imiyoboro. Bikunze gukoreshwa mumivugo bigomba kwihanganira ibidukikije biremereye, nkibibanza byubwubatsi cyangwa ubutaka bwo munsi.
  • Hasi: Insinga y'icyuma irashobora kandi gukora nk'inzira ishingiye ku mutekano.
  • Kurwanya Kwangirika: Icyatsi kibisi, cyane cyane iyo gisubijwe, gitanga bimwe kurindaga kwangwa, kiba cyiza kubirotsi bikoreshwa mubidukikije cyangwa hanze yibidukikije.
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mumiyoboro yamashanyarazi cyangwa ubutaka bwo munsi yubutaka, sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda, hamwe ninsinga zibidukikije aho ibyago byo kwangirika ari byinshi.

5. Aluminium wire intwaro (utegereje)

• Ibisobanuro: Bisa nibyuma Wintwaro, aluminium wire intwaro ikoreshwa mugutanga ubukanishi kumigozi. Birakabije kandi bihendutse kuruta ingirakamaro kuruta ibyuma bitwaje intwaro.
• Imikorere:
  • Kurinda Kumubiri: Gutera bitanga uburinzi bwo kwangirika kumubiri nko kumenagura, kugirira ingaruka, na Abyes. Bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo munsi yubutaka no hanze aho umugozi ushobora guhura nubushake bwa mashini.
  • Hasi: Kimwe na Swa, Umuyoboro wa Aluminium urashobora kandi gufasha gutanga impamvu kumikorere yumutekano.
  • Kurwanya Kwangirika: Aluminum atanga ibyiza cyane kuri ruswa mu bidukikije byagaragaye mubushuhe cyangwa imiti.
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mumiyoboro yubutegetsi, cyane cyane kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza voltage mu hanze no mutaka.

Incamake yimikorere yingabo zikati

• Kurinda electronagnetic (EMI): Inkinzo z'ibyuma nk'ikigo cy'umuringa na aluminiyumu foul blok idashaka ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso by'imbere y'ikimenyetso cyangwa gutoroka no kubangamira ibindi bikoresho.
• Ubunyangamugayo: Ingabo z'ibyuma zitumizwa ku busugire bw'amakuru cyangwa kohereza ibimenyetso mu bidukikije byinshi, cyane cyane mu bikoresho byoroshye.
• Kurinda imashini: Inkinzo yintwaro, yaba ikozwe mubyuma cyangwa alumini, irinda insinga zangirika ku mubiri zatewe no guhonyora, ingaruka, cyangwa indabyo, cyane cyane munganda.
• Kurinda ubuhehere: Ubwoko bumwe bwingabo, nka aluminiyumu, nanone bifasha ubushuhe kwinjira muri kabili, kubuza ibyangiritse kubintu byimbere.
• Hasi: Inkinzo z'ibyuma, cyane cyane koga insinga n'insinga z'intwaro, zirashobora gutanga inzira zifatika, zizamura umutekano mukurinda imibereho y'amashanyarazi.
• Kurwanya Kwangirika: Ibyuma bimwe, nka aluminium na ibyuma byiruka, gutanga byongerewe ko byazanywe nondaroli, bigatuma babakwiriye hanze, mumazi, cyangwa imiti ikaze.

Gusaba ibyuma bikingiwe:

• Itumanaho: Kubiti bikaze hamwe ninsinga zamakuru ya Data, zemeza ubuziranenge bwo kwerekana ibimenyetso no kurwanya kwivanga.
• Sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda: Kuko insinga zikoreshwa muri sisitemu iremereye na sisitemu yo kugenzura, aho bisabwa kohama amashanyarazi.
• Hanze no kuntangiriro: Kuberako insinga zamashanyarazi cyangwa insinga zikoreshwa mubidukikije bifite ibyago byinshi byo kwangirika kumubiri cyangwa guhura nibibazo bikaze.
• Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi: Kuko insinga zikoreshwa mubikoresho byubuvuzi, aho ubunyangamugayo n'umutekano byombi ari ngombwa.
• Amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi: Ku mivubibu isanzwe kandi ndende, cyane cyane ahantu hashobora kwivanga hanze cyangwa kwangirika.

Muguhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwingabo yicyuma, urashobora kwemeza ko insinga zawe zujuje ibisabwa kugirango imikorere ibe, kuramba, n'umutekano muburyo bwihariye.

Amasezerano yo kwita izina

1. Ubwoko bwo kugenzura

2. Ubwoko bwo gukingira

3. Umurongo w'imbere

4. Ubwoko bw'intwaro

5. Umutsima wo hanze

6. Ubwoko bw'Umuyobozi

7. Urutonde

8. Insinga zo kugenzura

9. Urugero rwa Cable Izina Gusenyuka

Umuyoboro ushushanya amabwiriza n'akarere

Ibishushanyo mbonera byakarere

Inyandiko z'inyongera ku bipimo:

• Ibipimo bya GB Ubushinwabyibanze cyane cyane ku bugenzuzi rusange n'umutekano rusange, ariko kandi birimo amategeko yihariye yihariye kubikenewe byihutirwa, nkibidukikije.

• Ibipimo bya UL muri Amerikabizwi cyane kubizamini byumuriro n'umutekano. Bakunze kwibanda ku mpinga z'amashanyarazi nko kwishyurwa no kurwanya umuriro, ingenzi mu kwishyiriraho haba mu nyubako zo guturamo n'inganda.

• Iecni umenyeshe ku isi kandi bagakoreshwa mu Burayi ndetse n'ibindi bice byinshi by'isi. Bagamije guhuza ingamba z'umutekano n'ingero nziza, bigatuma insinga zifite umutekano wo gukoresha ahantu hatandukanye, kuva mu ngo zijya mu nganda.

• Ibipimo bya JIMubuyapani byibanze cyane kumutekano wibicuruzwa no guhinduka. Amabwiriza yabo yemeza inkuba zikora neza mubidukikije kandi wujuje ubuziranengezi bwumutekano.

TheIngano ingana kubayoborabisobanurwa n'ibipimo ngenderwaho mpuzamahanga mu rwego mpuzamahanga kugira ngo hakemure ibipimo nyabyo n'ibiranga abatwara amabuye itekanye kandi neza. Hasi ni nyamukuruIngano y'ingano:

1. Ingano y'ingano y'ingano kubikoresho

Ingano yabatwara amashanyarazi akenshi isobanurwa mubijyanye naAgace kambukiranya igice(muri MM²) cyangwaigipimo.

a. Abayobora Umuringa:

• Agace kambukiranya igice.0.5 mm² to 400 mm²cyangwa byinshi kumigozi yamashanyarazi.
• AWG (Umuyoboro wa Wire): Kubatwara abayobora, ingano zihagarariwe muri AWG (Umuyoboro wa Wire wire), kuva24 awg(insinga ntoya) kugeza4/0 awg(insinga nini cyane).

b. Abayobora Abanyeshuri:

• Agace kambukiranya igice.1.5 mm² to 500 mm²cyangwa byinshi.
• Awg: Ingano ya Aluminium mubisanzwe iva10 awg to 500 Kcmil.

c. Abandi Bayobora:

• KuriUmuringa or aluminiumInsinga zikoreshwa kubisabwa byihariye (urugero, Marine, Inganda, Inganda, nibindi), ingano yubuninimm² or Awg.

2. AMAHANGA MPUZAMAHANGA KU GIPFURE

a. IEC (Komisiyo mpuzamahanga ya elegiste) amahame:

• IEC 60228: Iki gipimo cyerekana ibyiciro byumuringa na aluminium byakoreshejwe mumigozi yizewe. Isobanura imiyoboro ya director murimm².
• IEC 60287: Gutwika kubara amanota yiki gihe, uzirikana ubwoko bwa uwuyobora nubunini.

b. NEC (Kode y'amashanyarazi y'igihugu) ibipimo (US):

• Muri Amerika, theNecKugaragaza Ingano yimikorere, hamwe nubunini busanzwe buva14 awg to 1000 Kcmil, ukurikije gusaba (urugero, gutura, ubucuruzi, cyangwa inganda).

c. JI (Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Inganda):

• JI C 3602: Uru rugero rusobanura ingano ya dimector kumigozi itandukanye hamwe nubwoko bwabo buhuye. Ingano akenshi zitangwamm²kubarimbyi nabanyeshuri.

3. Ingano ya Director ishingiye ku rutonde

• TheUbushobozi bwo gutwaray'uyobora biterwa n'ibikoresho, ubwoko bw'isugi, n'ubunini.
• KuriAbayobora Umuringa, ingano isanzwe ikomoka0.5 mm²(Kubisabwa hasi nkinsinga zanditse) kuri1000 mm²(ku migozi y'amashanyarazi yo hejuru).
• KuriAbayobora, ingano muri rusange ziva1.5 mm² to 1000 mm²cyangwa irenga kubisabwa biremereye.

4. Ibipimo kubisabwa byihariye bya kabili

• Abashinzwe guhungabana(ikoreshwa mumivugo yo kwimuka, robotrial yinganda, nibindi) irashobora kugiraGitoya Cross-IbiceAriko byateguwe kugirango bahangane byoroshye guhinduka.
• Umuriro urwanya umuriro hamwe n'insinga zikeakenshi ukurikira ibipimo byihariye byubunini bwumuyobora kugirango umenye imikorere mubihe bikabije, nkaIEC 60332.

5. Ingano yubunini bwo kubara (formula yibanze)

TheInganoBirashobora kuba bigereranijwe ukoresheje formula ku gice cyambukiranya igice:

Agace (MM²) = 4π × D2

Aho:

• $dd$

  D = diameter yuyobora (muri mm)

• Agace= agace kambukiranya igice cyuyobora

Incamake yubunini busanzwe:

Inkono yambukiranya igice na Gauge, Urutonde rwubu, no gukoresha

Ibisobanuro by'inkingi:

1. Agace kambukiranya igice (MM²): Agace k'umusaraba wa Crossctor, urufunguzo rwo kugena ubushobozi bwatsi bwo gutwara ikigezweho.
2. Awg gauge: Umuyoboro wa Wire wo muri Amerika (AWG) ukoreshwa mugukora insinga, hamwe numubare munini werekana insinga zoroheje.
3. Urutonde rugezweho (a): Uburebure bwa cible irashobora gutwara neza atarushye, ukurikije ibikoresho byayo.
4. Imikoreshereze: Ibisabwa bisanzwe kuri buri bunini bwa kabili, byerekana aho umugozi ukoreshwa ukurikije ibyangombwa byemewe.

Icyitonderwa:

• Abayobora UmuringaMuri rusange bitwara amanota menshi ugereranije naAbayoboraKumwanya umwe-igice cyambukiranya umuringa mwiza wumuringa.
• TheIbikoresho byo kwishura.
• Iyi mbonerahamwe niibimenyetso byerekanaKandi amahame yihariye yinzego nibisabwa bigomba guhora agenzurwa kugirango abone neza.

Kuva mu 2009,Danyang Winpower Wire na Cable MFG Co, Ltd.yahiritse mu murima w'amashanyarazi n'ijwi rirenga imyaka igera kuri 15, akusanya uburambe bw'inganda no guhanga udushya twikoranabuhanga. Twibanze ku kuzana ubuziranenge, byose - hirya no hino hamwe no kubona imiryango myinshi hamwe n'imiryango y'Abanyamerika, ikipe y'umwuga ibereye mu bijyanye na tekiniki.our izaba iguha inama zuzuye za tekiniki.our izaguha inama zuzuye za tekiniki. Abatsinze ba danyang bifuza kujyana nawe, mubuzima bwiza hamwe.