Inama Zingenzi Zo Guhitamo Amashanyarazi Yukuri Amashanyarazi, Ingano, nogushiraho

Mu nsinga, voltage isanzwe ipimwa muri volt (V), naho insinga zashyizwe mubyiciro ukurikije igipimo cya voltage. Igipimo cya voltage yerekana imbaraga ntarengwa zikora umugozi ushobora gukora neza. Dore ibyiciro byingenzi bya voltage kumurongo, ibisabwa bijyanye, hamwe nibipimo:

1. Umuyoboro muto (LV)

• Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi: Kugera kuri 1 kV (1000V)
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mumazu atuyemo, yubucuruzi, ninganda mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, kumurika, hamwe na sisitemu nkeya.
• Ibipimo rusange:
  • IEC 60227: Kuri PVC insinga zikoreshwa (zikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ingufu).
  • IEC 60502: Ku nsinga nkeya.
  • BS 6004: Kubitsinga bya PVC.
  • UL 62: Ku mugozi woroshye muri Amerika

2. Umuyoboro Hagati (MV)

• Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi: 1 kV kugeza kuri 36 kV
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza imiyoboro, mubisanzwe mubikorwa byinganda cyangwa byingirakamaro.
• Ibipimo rusange:
  • IEC 60502-2: Ku nsinga ziciriritse.
  • IEC 60840: Ku nsinga zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi menshi.
  • IEEE 383: Ku nsinga zidashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu mashanyarazi.

3. Umuyoboro mwinshi (HV)

• Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi: 36 kV kugeza 245 kV
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza intera ndende amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi menshi, hamwe nibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi.
• Ibipimo rusange:
  • IEC 60840: Ku nsinga zifite ingufu nyinshi.
  • IEC 62067: Ku nsinga zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi menshi ya AC na DC.
  • IEEE 48: Kugirango ugerageze insinga za voltage nyinshi.

4. Umuyoboro Winshi Winshi (EHV)

• Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi: Hejuru ya 245 kV
• Porogaramu: Kuri ultra-high-voltage sisitemu yohereza (ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi intera ndende).
• Ibipimo rusange:
  • IEC 60840: Kumugozi wongeyeho amashanyarazi menshi.
  • IEC 62067: Bikoreshwa mumigozi yohereza amashanyarazi menshi.
  • IEEE 400: Kwipimisha nibipimo bya sisitemu ya kabili ya EHV.

5. Imiyoboro idasanzwe ya voltage (urugero, Umuyoboro muto DC, Imirasire y'izuba)

• Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi: Biratandukanye, ariko mubisanzwe munsi ya 1 kV
• Porogaramu: Byakoreshejwe mubikorwa byihariye nka sisitemu yizuba, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, cyangwa itumanaho.
• Ibipimo rusange:
  • IEC 60287: Kubara ubushobozi bwubu bwo gutwara insinga.
  • UL 4703: Ku nsinga z'izuba.
  • TÜV: Kubyemezo bya kabili yizuba (urugero, TÜV 2PfG 1169 / 08.2007).

Umuyoboro muto (LV) insinga hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi (HV) insinga zirashobora kugabanywa mubwoko bwihariye, buri kimwe cyagenewe porogaramu runaka ukurikije ibikoresho, ubwubatsi, nibidukikije. Dore gusenyuka birambuye:

Umuyoboro muto (LV) insinga Ubwoko:

1. Umugozi wo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi

   • Ibisobanuro: Izi nizo zikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi ya voltage yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mumiturire, ubucuruzi, ninganda.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Amashanyarazi ku nyubako n'imashini.
     • Ikwirakwizwa ryikwirakwizwa, ibibaho, hamwe nimbaraga rusange.
   • Urugero: IEC 60227 (PVC-irinze), IEC 60502-1 (kubwintego rusange).

2. Intsinga Zintwaro (Icyuma Cyuma Cyuma - SWA, Aluminium Wire Armored - AWA)

   • Ibisobanuro.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Kwishyiriraho.
     • Imashini n'ibikoresho byo mu nganda.
     • Kwishyiriraho hanze ahantu habi.
   • Urugero: IEC 60502-1, BS 5467, na BS 6346.

3. Umugozi wa Rubber (Umugozi wa Rubber Flexible)

   • Ibisobanuro: Izi nsinga zakozwe hamwe na reberi ya reberi no gukata, bitanga guhinduka kandi biramba. Byaremewe gukoreshwa muburyo bwigihe gito cyangwa bworoshye.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Imashini zigendanwa (urugero, crane, forklifts).
     • Imbaraga zigihe gito.
     • Imashanyarazi, ibibanza byubaka, hamwe nibisabwa hanze.
   • Urugero: IEC 60245 (H05RR-F, H07RN-F), UL 62 (ku mugozi woroshye).

4. Intsinga ya Halogen-Yuzuye (Umwotsi muke)

   • Ibisobanuro: Izi nsinga zikoresha ibikoresho bitarimo halogene, bigatuma bikwiranye n’ibidukikije aho umutekano w’umuriro wibanze. Iyo habaye umuriro, basohora umwotsi muke kandi ntibitanga imyuka yangiza.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Ibibuga byindege, ibitaro, nishuri (inyubako rusange).
     • Ahantu h’inganda aho umutekano wumuriro ari ngombwa.
     • Gari ya moshi, tunel, hamwe nibice bifunze.
   • Urugero: IEC 60332-1 (imyitwarire yumuriro), EN 50267 (kubwumwotsi muke).

5. Umugozi wo kugenzura

   • Ibisobanuro: Ibi bikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ibimenyetso cyangwa amakuru muri sisitemu aho gukwirakwiza ingufu bidakenewe. Bafite imiyoboro myinshi yiziritse, akenshi muburyo bworoshye.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Sisitemu yo gukoresha (urugero, gukora, PLC).
     • Igenzura, sisitemu yo kumurika, hamwe na moteri igenzura.
   • Urugero: IEC 60227, IEC 60502-1.

6. Imirasire y'izuba (insinga za Photovoltaque)

   • Ibisobanuro: Yashizweho byumwihariko kugirango ikoreshwe muri sisitemu yizuba. Zirinda UV, zidafite ikirere, kandi zishobora guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Imirasire y'izuba (sisitemu yo gufotora).
     • Guhuza imirasire y'izuba kuri inverter.
   • Urugero: TÜV 2PfG 1169 / 08.2007, UL 4703.

7. Intsinga

   • Ibisobanuro: Izi nsinga zifite umwirondoro uringaniye, bigatuma ziba nziza zo gukoreshwa ahantu hafunganye hamwe n’aho insinga zizunguruka zaba nini cyane.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Gukwirakwiza ingufu zo gutura mumwanya muto.
     • Ibikoresho byo mu biro cyangwa ibikoresho.
   • Urugero: IEC 60227, UL 62.

8. Intsinga zirwanya umuriro

   • Intsinga za sisitemu yihutirwa:
     Izi nsinga zagenewe kubungabunga amashanyarazi mugihe cyumuriro ukabije. Bemeza imikorere idahwitse ya sisitemu yihutirwa nko gutabaza, gukuramo umwotsi, na pompe yumuriro.
     Porogaramu: Inzira zihutirwa ahantu rusange, sisitemu yumutekano wumuriro, ninyubako zifite abantu benshi.

9. Umugozi wibikoresho

   • Intsinga Zikingiwe zohereza ibimenyetso:
     Izi nsinga zagenewe guhererekanya ibimenyetso byamakuru mubidukikije hamwe na interineti ya electronique nini (EMI). Zirinzwe kugirango birinde gutakaza ibimenyetso no kwivanga hanze, byemeza kohereza amakuru neza.
     Porogaramu: Kwishyiriraho inganda, guhererekanya amakuru, hamwe na EMI ndende.

10. Intsinga zidasanzwe

    • Intsinga ya Porogaramu idasanzwe:
      Intsinga zidasanzwe zagenewe gushyirwaho niche, nkumucyo wigihe gito kumurikagurisha ryubucuruzi, guhuza crane yo hejuru, pompe zarohamye, hamwe na sisitemu yo kweza amazi. Intsinga zubatswe kubidukikije byihariye nka aquarium, pisine, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byihariye.
      Porogaramu: Kwishyiriraho by'agateganyo, sisitemu yarengewe n'amazi, aquarium, ibidendezi byo koga, n'imashini zinganda.

11. Umugozi wa Aluminium

    • Amashanyarazi ya Aluminium:
      Intsinga ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza haba mu nzu no hanze. Nibyoroshye kandi birahenze, bikwiranye numuyoboro munini wo gukwirakwiza ingufu.
      Porogaramu: Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, hanze no munsi yubutaka, hamwe no gukwirakwiza nini.

Umuyoboro Hagati (MV)

1. Intsinga ya RHZ1

• XLPE Intsinga:
  Izi nsinga zagenewe imiyoboro ya voltage yo hagati hamwe na polyethylene ihuza (XLPE). Zirinda halogene kandi zidafite umuriro zikwirakwiza, bigatuma zikwirakwizwa no gutwara ingufu no gukwirakwiza mu miyoboro ya voltage yo hagati.
  Porogaramu: Gukwirakwiza ingufu za voltage hagati, gutwara ingufu.

2. Intsinga ya HEPRZ1

• HEPR Intsinga:
  Izi nsinga zigaragaza ingufu nyinshi-zirwanya polyethylene (HEPR) kandi nta halogene. Nibyiza kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza ingufu za voltage ziciriritse mubidukikije aho umutekano wumuriro uhangayikishijwe.
  Porogaramu: Imiyoboro ya voltage yo hagati, ibidukikije byangiza umuriro.

3. Imiyoboro ya MV-90

• XLPE Intsinga Ihagaritse Kubipimo Byabanyamerika:
  Byagenewe imiyoboro ya voltage yo hagati, izi nsinga zujuje ubuziranenge bwabanyamerika kuri XLPE. Zikoreshwa mu gutwara no gukwirakwiza ingufu neza muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yo hagati.
  Porogaramu: Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi aciriritse.

4. Umugozi wa RHVhMVh

• Intsinga ya Porogaramu idasanzwe:
  Intsinga z'umuringa na aluminiyumu zagenewe cyane cyane ibidukikije bifite ibyago byo guhura n'amavuta, imiti, na hydrocarbone. Nibyiza kwishyiriraho ahantu habi, nkibimera byimiti.
  Porogaramu: Inganda zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mu nganda, uduce dufite imiti cyangwa amavuta.

Umuyoboro mwinshi (HV) insinga Ubwoko:

1. Umuyoboro mwinshi w'amashanyarazi

   • Ibisobanuro: Izi nsinga zikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi intera ndende kuri voltage ndende (mubisanzwe 36 kV kugeza 245 kV). Bashyizwe hamwe nibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira imbaraga nyinshi.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi (imirongo yohereza amashanyarazi).
     • Amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi.
   • Urugero: IEC 60840, IEC 62067.

2. Intsinga za XLPE (Ihuza rya Polyethylene Ihuza insinga)

   • Ibisobanuro: Izi nsinga zifite insimburangingo ihuza polyethylene itanga ibikoresho byamashanyarazi birenze, birwanya ubushyuhe, kandi biramba. Akenshi bikoreshwa murwego rwo hejuru kugeza hejuru ya voltage.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Gukwirakwiza ingufu mu nganda.
     • Imirongo y'amashanyarazi.
     • Gukwirakwiza intera ndende.
   • Urugero: IEC 60502, IEC 60840, UL 1072.

3. Intsinga Zuzuye Amavuta

   • Ibisobanuro. Ibi bikoreshwa mubidukikije hamwe na voltage ikenewe cyane.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Amavuta yo hanze.
     • Inyanja yimbitse no gukwirakwiza amazi.
     • Birasabwa cyane gushinga inganda.
   • Urugero: IEC 60502-1, IEC 60840.

4. Intsinga zikoreshwa na gaze (GIL)

   • Ibisobanuro: Izo nsinga zikoresha gaze (mubisanzwe sulfur hexafluoride) nkigikoresho gikingira aho gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye. Bakunze gukoreshwa mubidukikije aho umwanya ari muto.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Umujyi mwinshi cyane (insimburangingo).
     • Ibihe bisaba kwizerwa cyane mumashanyarazi (urugero, imiyoboro yo mumijyi).
   • Urugero: IEC 62271-204, IEC 60840.

5. Umugozi wo mu mazi

   • Ibisobanuro: Yateguwe byumwihariko mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu mazi, izi nsinga zubatswe kugirango zirwanye amazi n’umuvuduko. Bakunze gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi munsi y'ibihugu cyangwa ibirwa.
     • Imirima yumuyaga wo hanze, sisitemu yingufu zamazi.
   • Urugero: IEC 60287, IEC 60840.

6. Umugozi wa HVDC (Umuyoboro mwinshi utaziguye)

   • Ibisobanuro: Izi nsinga zagenewe kohereza amashanyarazi (DC) mu ntera ndende kuri voltage ndende. Zikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi menshi murwego rurerure cyane.
   • Porogaramu:
     • Amashanyarazi maremare.
     • Guhuza amashanyarazi ava mu turere cyangwa ibihugu bitandukanye.
   • Urugero: IEC 60287, IEC 62067.

Ibigize insinga z'amashanyarazi

Umugozi w'amashanyarazi ugizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi, buri kimwe gikora umurimo wihariye kugirango umugozi usohoze intego wacyo neza kandi neza. Ibice byibanze bigize umugozi wamashanyarazi harimo:

1. Umuyobozi

Uwitekaumuyobozini igice cyo hagati cyumugozi unyuramo amashanyarazi. Ubusanzwe ikozwe mubikoresho byiza bitwara amashanyarazi, nkumuringa cyangwa aluminium. Kiyobora ashinzwe gutwara ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuva kumurongo umwe.

Ubwoko bw'abayobora:

• Umuyoboro wa Bare:

  • Ibisobanuro: Umuringa ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu kuyobora kubera amashanyarazi meza cyane no kurwanya ruswa. Imiyoboro yumuringa ikoreshwa kenshi mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ninsinga nke za voltage.
  • Porogaramu: Intsinga z'amashanyarazi, insinga zo kugenzura, hamwe n'insinga mubikoresho byo guturamo n'inganda.

• Umuyoboro wumuringa:

  • Ibisobanuro: Umuringa usizwe ni umuringa wasizwe hamwe na tin yoroheje kugira ngo urwanye ruswa na okiside. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mubidukikije byo mu nyanja cyangwa aho insinga zihura nikirere kibi.
  • Porogaramu: Intsinga zikoreshwa hanze cyangwa ahantu hafite ubushuhe bwinshi, ikoreshwa rya marine.

• Umuyoboro wa Aluminium:

  • Ibisobanuro: Aluminium niyoroshye kandi ihendutse cyane kumuringa. Nubwo aluminiyumu ifite amashanyarazi make ugereranije n'umuringa, ikoreshwa kenshi mumashanyarazi yumuriro mwinshi hamwe ninsinga ndende kubera imiterere yoroheje.
  • Porogaramu: Imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, insinga ziciriritse n’umuvuduko mwinshi, insinga zo mu kirere.

• Umuyoboro wa Aluminium:

  • Ibisobanuro: Imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu ihuza aluminiyumu n’ibindi bikoresho bike, nka magnesium cyangwa silikoni, kugira ngo byongere imbaraga n’imikorere. Bakunze gukoreshwa kumurongo wohereza hejuru.
  • Porogaramu: Imirongo y'amashanyarazi hejuru, gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi hagati.

2

Uwitekakwiganakuzenguruka kiyobora ningirakamaro mukurinda inkuba zamashanyarazi hamwe nizunguruka ngufi. Ibikoresho byokwirinda byatoranijwe hashingiwe kubushobozi bwabo bwo kurwanya amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, nibidukikije.

Ubwoko bwa Insulation:

• PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride):

  • Ibisobanuro: PVC nigikoresho gikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi ya insinga ntoya kandi ntoya. Nibihinduka, biramba, kandi bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya abrasion nubushuhe.
  • Porogaramu: Intsinga z'amashanyarazi, insinga zo murugo, hamwe ninsinga zo kugenzura.

• XLPE (Kwambukiranya Polyethylene) Kwikingira:

  • Ibisobanuro: X. Bikunze gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi yo hagati kandi maremare.
  • Porogaramu: Umugozi wo hagati na voltage nini, insinga z'amashanyarazi zo gukoresha inganda no hanze.

• EPR (Ethylene Propylene Rubber) Gukingira:

  • Ibisobanuro: Ironderero rya EPR ritanga ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, hamwe no kurwanya ubushuhe n’imiti. Irakoreshwa mubisabwa bisaba guhindagurika kandi biramba.
  • Porogaramu: Intsinga z'amashanyarazi, insinga zinganda zoroshye, ibidukikije byo hejuru.

• Rubber:

  • Ibisobanuro: Gukoresha reberi ikoreshwa mumigozi isaba guhinduka no kwihangana. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubidukikije aho insinga zikeneye kwihanganira imihangayiko cyangwa kugenda.
  • Porogaramu: Ibikoresho bigendanwa, insinga zo gusudira, imashini zinganda.

• Halogene Yubusa (LSZH - Umwotsi muke Zero Halogen):

  • Ibisobanuro: Ibikoresho bya LSZH byabigenewe gusohora bike kugirango hatagira umwotsi kandi nta myuka ya halogene iyo ihuye numuriro, bigatuma iba nziza kubidukikije bisaba amahame yumutekano muke.
  • Porogaramu: Inyubako rusange, tunel, ibibuga byindege, insinga zo kugenzura ahantu hitwa umuriro.

3. Gukingira

Ingaboikunze kongerwaho mumigozi kugirango irinde ikiyobora hamwe nubushake bwo kwirinda amashanyarazi (EMI) cyangwa radiyo-interineti (RFI). Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kugirango ibuze insinga gusohora imirasire ya electronique.

Ubwoko bwa Shielding:

• Gukingira Umuringa:

  • Ibisobanuro: Imiringa y'umuringa itanga uburinzi buhebuje kuri EMI na RFI. Bakunze gukoreshwa mugikoresho cyibikoresho ninsinga aho ibimenyetso byumuvuduko mwinshi bigomba koherezwa nta nkomyi.
  • Porogaramu: Umugozi wamakuru, insinga zerekana ibimenyetso, hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.

• Shitingi ya Aluminium:

  • Ibisobanuro: Inkinzo ya aluminium foil ikoreshwa mugutanga uburinzi bworoshye kandi bworoshye kurinda EMI. Mubisanzwe baboneka mumigozi isaba guhinduka cyane no gukingira cyane.
  • Porogaramu: Umugozi wibimenyetso byoroshye, insinga z'amashanyarazi nkeya.

• Gukingira Fayili na Braid Gukomatanya:

  • Ibisobanuro: Ubu bwoko bwo gukingira bukomatanya foil na braid kugirango butange uburinzi bubiri kubangamira mugihe gikomeza guhinduka.
  • Porogaramu: Intsinga yibimenyetso byinganda, sisitemu yo kugenzura byoroshye, insinga zikoreshwa.

4. Ikoti (Urupapuro rwo hanze)

Uwitekaikotini urwego rwo hejuru rwumugozi, rutanga uburyo bwo kurinda no kurinda ibintu bidukikije nkubushuhe, imiti, imirasire ya UV, no kwambara kumubiri.

Ubwoko bw'amakoti:

• Ikoti rya PVC:

  • Ibisobanuro: Amakoti ya PVC atanga uburinzi bwibanze bwo gukuramo, amazi, hamwe nimiti imwe n'imwe. Zikoreshwa cyane muri rusange-intego yimbaraga no kugenzura insinga.
  • Porogaramu: Amashanyarazi atuye, insinga zinganda zoroheje, insinga rusange.

• Rubber Ikoti:

  • Ibisobanuro: Ikoti ya reberi ikoreshwa mumigozi ikenera guhinduka no kurwanya cyane imihangayiko hamwe nibidukikije bikabije.
  • Porogaramu: Intsinga zinganda zinganda, insinga zo gusudira, insinga zo hanze.

• Ikoti rya Polyethylene (PE):

  • Ibisobanuro: Ikoti rya PE rikoreshwa mubisabwa aho umugozi uhura n’imiterere yo hanze kandi ukeneye kurwanya imirasire ya UV, ubushuhe, n’imiti.
  • Porogaramu: Amashanyarazi yo hanze, insinga z'itumanaho, ibyubatswe munsi.

• Ikoti rya Halogen-Yubusa (LSZH) Ikoti:

  • Ibisobanuro: Amakoti ya LSZH akoreshwa ahantu umutekano wumuriro ari ngombwa. Ibi bikoresho ntibirekura imyotsi yubumara cyangwa imyuka yangirika mugihe habaye umuriro.
  • Porogaramu: Inyubako rusange, tunel, ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu.

5. Intwaro (Bihitamo)

Kubwoko bumwe bwa kabili,ibirwanishoikoreshwa mugutanga imashini irinda ibyangiritse kumubiri, nibyingenzi byingenzi mubutaka cyangwa hanze.

• Intsinga z'icyuma (SWA):

  • Ibisobanuro: Intwaro z'icyuma zongeramo urwego rwo kurinda ibyangiritse, igitutu, n'ingaruka.
  • Porogaramu: Hanze yo hanze cyangwa munsi yubutaka, uduce dufite ibyago byinshi byo kwangirika kumubiri.

• Umugozi wa Aluminium Witwa Armoured (AWA):

  • Ibisobanuro: Intwaro ya Aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mubintu bisa nkintwaro zicyuma ariko itanga ubundi buryo bworoshye.
  • Porogaramu: Kwishyiriraho hanze, imashini zinganda, gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.

Rimwe na rimwe, insinga z'amashanyarazi zifite ibikoresho aingabo or gukingira ibyumalayer kugirango itange ubundi burinzi no kuzamura imikorere. Uwitekaingaboikora intego nyinshi, nko gukumira amashanyarazi (EMI), kurinda umuyobozi, no gutanga ishingiro ryumutekano. Dore ibyingenziubwoko bw'icyuma gikingiran'izaboimirimo yihariye:

Ubwoko bwicyuma gikingirwa mumigozi

1. Gukingira umuringa

• Ibisobanuro: Gukingira umuringa gukingira bigizwe n'imigozi iboheye y'insinga z'umuringa zizingiye ku izinga rya kabili. Nimwe mubwoko busanzwe bwo gukingira ibyuma bikoreshwa mumigozi.
• Imikorere:
  • Kurinda amashanyarazi (EMI) Kurinda: Gukata umuringa bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukingira EMI no kwivanga kuri radio (RFI). Ibi nibyingenzi cyane mubidukikije bifite urusaku rwinshi rwamashanyarazi.
  • Impamvu.
  • Kurinda Imashini: Yongeramo urwego rwubukanishi kuri kabili, bigatuma irwanya cyane kwangirika no kwangirika kwingufu zituruka hanze.
• Porogaramu: Byakoreshejwe mumigozi yamakuru, insinga zikoreshwa, insinga zerekana ibimenyetso, ninsinga za elegitoroniki yoroheje.

2. Shitingi ya Aluminium

• Ibisobanuro: Gukingira aluminium foil bigizwe nurwego ruto rwa aluminiyumu ruzengurutse umugozi, akenshi ruhujwe na polyester cyangwa firime ya plastike. Uku gukingira kuremereye kandi gutanga uburinzi buhoraho hafi yuyobora.
• Imikorere:
  • Kwivanga kwa Electromagnetic (EMI): Aluminium foil itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukingira EMI na RFI nkeya, ifasha kugumana ubusugire bwibimenyetso muri kabili.
  • Inzitizi: Usibye kurinda EMI, aluminiyumu ikora nk'inzitizi yubushuhe, ikabuza amazi n’ibindi bihumanya kwinjira mu nsinga.
  • Umucyo woroshye kandi wigiciro: Aluminium yoroshye kandi ihendutse kuruta umuringa, bigatuma iba igisubizo cyiza cyo gukingira.
• Porogaramu: Bikunze gukoreshwa mu nsinga z'itumanaho, insinga za coaxial, hamwe n'insinga z'amashanyarazi make.

3. Gukomatanya Braid hamwe na Shitingi ya Foil

• Ibisobanuro: Ubu bwoko bwo gukingira bukomatanya umuringa hamwe na aluminiyumu kugirango itange uburinzi bubiri. Umuringa wumuringa utanga imbaraga nuburinzi bwangirika kwumubiri, mugihe aluminiyumu itanga EMI ikomeza kurinda.
• Imikorere:
  • Kuzamura EMI na RFI.
  • Guhinduka no kuramba.
  • Impamvu n'umutekano: Umuringa umuringa nawo ukora nk'inzira ifatika, utezimbere umutekano mugushiraho umugozi.
• Porogaramu: Byakoreshejwe mumashanyarazi yo kugenzura inganda, insinga zohereza amakuru, insinga zubuvuzi, hamwe nibindi bikorwa aho imbaraga zumukanishi hamwe no gukingira EMI bisabwa.

4. Intwaro z'icyuma (SWA)

• Ibisobanuro: Intwaro z'icyuma zirimo kuzinga insinga z'icyuma kuzenguruka umugozi, ubusanzwe zikoreshwa hamwe nubundi bwoko bwo gukingira cyangwa kubika.
• Imikorere:
  • Kurinda Imashini: SWA itanga uburinzi bukomeye bwumubiri kwirinda ingaruka, guhonyora, nizindi mpungenge. Bikunze gukoreshwa mumigozi ikeneye kwihanganira ibidukikije biremereye, nkibibanza byubatswe cyangwa ibyubatswe munsi.
  • Impamvu: Umugozi wibyuma urashobora kandi kuba inzira yumutekano.
  • Kurwanya ruswa.
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi mumashanyarazi yo hanze cyangwa munsi yubutaka, sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda, hamwe ninsinga mubidukikije aho ibyago byo kwangirika kwinshi ari byinshi.

5. Intwaro ya Aluminium (AWA)

• Ibisobanuro: Bisa nintwaro zicyuma, intwaro ya aluminium ikoreshwa mugutanga imashini zikingira insinga. Nibyoroshye kandi bihendutse kuruta ibyuma byuma.
• Imikorere:
  • Kurinda umubiri: AWA itanga uburinzi bwangirika kumubiri nko guhonyora, ingaruka, no gukuramo. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubutaka no hanze yububiko aho insinga ishobora guhura nibibazo bya mehaniki.
  • Impamvu: Kimwe na SWA, insinga ya aluminiyumu irashobora kandi gufasha gutanga ishingiro ryumutekano.
  • Kurwanya ruswa: Aluminium itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa mu bidukikije byatewe nubushuhe cyangwa imiti.
• Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa mumigozi yamashanyarazi, cyane cyane mugukwirakwiza voltage yo hagati mugushira hanze no munsi yubutaka.

Incamake yimikorere yicyuma

• Kurinda amashanyarazi (EMI) Kurinda.
• Ubunyangamugayo bw'ikimenyetso: Gukingira ibyuma byemeza ubusugire bwamakuru cyangwa kohereza ibimenyetso mubihe byinshi cyane, cyane cyane mubikoresho byoroshye.
• Kurinda Imashini: Inkinzo zintwaro, zaba zikoze mubyuma cyangwa aluminiyumu, zirinda insinga kwangirika kumubiri ziterwa no guhonyora, ingaruka, cyangwa gukuramo, cyane cyane mubidukikije bikabije.
• Kurinda Ubushuhe: Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwo gukingira ibyuma, nka aluminiyumu, nabyo bifasha guhagarika ubuhehere kwinjira mumugozi, bikarinda kwangirika kwimbere.
• Impamvu: Inkinzo z'ibyuma, cyane cyane imiringa y'umuringa hamwe n'insinga zintwaro, birashobora gutanga inzira zifatika, byongera umutekano mukurinda ingaruka z'amashanyarazi.
• Kurwanya ruswa.

Gushyira mu bikorwa insinga zikingiwe:

• Itumanaho: Kumugozi wa coaxial hamwe ninsinga zohereza amakuru, kwemeza ibimenyetso byiza kandi birwanya kwivanga.
• Sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda: Ku nsinga zikoreshwa mumashini aremereye no kugenzura, aho bikenewe gukingirwa imashini n'amashanyarazi.
• Kwishyiriraho hanze no munsi y'ubutaka: Kumashanyarazi cyangwa insinga zikoreshwa mubidukikije bifite ibyago byinshi byo kwangirika kumubiri cyangwa guhura nibihe bibi.
• Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga: Ku nsinga zikoreshwa mubikoresho byubuvuzi, aho ibimenyetso byombi byerekana ubudahangarwa n'umutekano ni ngombwa.
• Ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi: Ku nsinga ziciriritse n’umuvuduko mwinshi, cyane cyane ahantu hakunze kwivanga hanze cyangwa kwangirika kwa mashini.

Muguhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwo gukingira ibyuma, urashobora kwemeza ko insinga zawe zujuje ibisabwa kugirango imikorere, irambe, n'umutekano mubisabwa byihariye.

Amasezerano yo Kwita Izina

1. Ubwoko bw'Ibikoresho

2. Ubwoko bwo Gukingira

3. Imbere

4. Ubwoko bw'intwaro

5. Urupapuro rwo hanze

6. Ubwoko bw'abayobora

7. Ikigereranyo cya voltage

8. Umugozi wo kugenzura

9. Urugero Cable Izina Kumeneka

Amabwiriza yo gushushanya umugozi mukarere

Ibintu by'ingenzi bishushanya by'akarere

Inyandiko z'inyongera ku bipimo:

• Ubushinwa bwa GBbibanze cyane cyane kumutekano rusange no kugenzura ubuziranenge, ariko kandi harimo amabwiriza yihariye yihariye ibikenerwa mubushinwa, nko kurengera ibidukikije.

• Ibipimo bya UL muri Amerikabizwi cyane kubizamini byumuriro numutekano. Bakunze kwibanda ku ngaruka z'amashanyarazi nko gushyuha no kurwanya umuriro, ingenzi mu gushyira mu nyubako zo guturamo ndetse n'inganda.

• Ibipimo bya IECbizwi kwisi yose kandi bikoreshwa muburayi no mubindi bice byinshi byisi. Bagamije guhuza umutekano n’ingamba zifite ireme, gukora insinga zifite umutekano mu gukoresha ahantu hatandukanye, kuva mu ngo kugeza ku nganda.

• Ibipimo bya JISmu Buyapani bibanda cyane ku mutekano wibicuruzwa no guhinduka. Amabwiriza yabo yemeza ko insinga zikora neza mubikorwa byinganda kandi byujuje ubuziranenge bwumutekano.

Uwitekaingano yubunini kubayoboraisobanurwa n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga n’amabwiriza atandukanye kugirango harebwe ibipimo nyabyo nibiranga abayobora kugirango bakwirakwiza amashanyarazi neza kandi neza. Hano haribyingenziibipimo by'ubunini:

1. Ibipimo by'ubunini bw'abayobora kubikoresho

Ingano y'amashanyarazi ikunze gusobanurwa ukurikije iagace kambukiranya(muri mm²) cyangwaigipimo(AWG cyangwa kcmil), ukurikije akarere nubwoko bwibikoresho byayobora (umuringa, aluminium, nibindi).

a. Abayobora umuringa:

• Agace kambukiranya(مىللىمېتىر)0.5 mm² to 400 mm²cyangwa byinshi kuri insinga z'amashanyarazi.
• AWG (Umunyamerika Wire Gauge): Kubayobora gauge ntoya, ingano igaragara muri AWG (American Wire Gauge), kuva kuri24 AWG(insinga yoroheje cyane) kugeza4/0 AWG(insinga nini cyane).

b. Abayobora Aluminium:

• Agace kambukiranya;1.5 mm² to 500 mm²cyangwa byinshi.
• AWG: Ingano ya aluminium isanzwe ituruka kuri10 AWG to 500 kcmil.

c. Abandi bayobora:

• Kuriumuringa or aluminiuminsinga zikoreshwa mubikorwa byihariye (urugero, marine, inganda, nibindi), ubunini bwa kiyobora nabwo bugaragarira murimm² or AWG.

2. Ibipimo mpuzamahanga kubunini bw'abayobora

a. Ibipimo bya IEC (Komisiyo mpuzamahanga ishinzwe amashanyarazi):

• IEC 60228: Ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana ibyiciro byumuringa na aluminiyumu bikoreshwa mumigozi yiziritse. Irasobanura ingano yuyobora murimm².
• IEC 60287: Gupfukirana kubara igipimo cyubu cyinsinga, urebye ingano yuyobora nubwoko bwimikorere.

b. Ibipimo bya NEC (National Electrical Code) Ibipimo (US):

• Muri Amerika ,.NECKugaragaza ingano yuyobora, hamwe nubunini busanzwe buva kuri14 AWG to 1000 kcmil, ukurikije porogaramu (urugero, gutura, ubucuruzi, cyangwa inganda).

c. JIS (Ibipimo by’inganda mu Buyapani):

• JIS C 3602: Iki gipimo gisobanura ingano yuyobora kuri insinga zitandukanye nubwoko bwibikoresho bihuye. Ingano akenshi itangwa murimm²kubayobora umuringa na aluminium.

3. Ingano yuyobora Ukurikije igipimo kiriho

• Uwitekaubushobozi bwo gutwaraw'umuyoboro biterwa nibikoresho, ubwoko bwa insulation, nubunini.
• Kuriabayobora umuringa, ingano isanzwe iva kuri0.5 mm²(kubisanzwe bigezweho nka insinga za signal) kuri1000 mm²(kuri insinga zohereza amashanyarazi menshi).
• Kuriimiyoboro ya aluminium, ingano muri rusange iva kuri1.5 mm² to 1000 mm²cyangwa hejuru kubisabwa-biremereye.

4. Ibipimo byihariye bya Cable Porogaramu

• Abayobora byoroshye(ikoreshwa mumigozi yimuka ibice, robot yinganda, nibindi) irashobora kugiramato matoariko byashizweho kugirango bihangane guhindagurika kenshi.
• Intsinzi yumuriro ninsinga nke zumwotsiakenshi ukurikiza ibipimo byihariye kubunini bwabayobora kugirango umenye imikorere mubihe bikabije, nkaIEC 60332.

5. Kubara Ingano Yabayobora (Inzira Yibanze)

Uwitekaingano yuyoborabirashobora kugereranywa ukoresheje formulaire yambukiranya igice:

Ubuso (mm²) = 4π × d2

Aho:

• $dd$

  d = diameter ya kiyobora (muri mm)

• Agace= agace kambukiranya agace kayobora

Incamake yubunini busanzwe bwuyobora:

Umugozi wambukiranya igice Agace na Gauge, Igipimo kigezweho, hamwe nikoreshwa

Ibisobanuro by'Inkingi:

1. Agace kambukiranya igice (mm²): Agace kambukiranya kiyobora, nurufunguzo rwo kumenya ubushobozi bwinsinga zo gutwara amashanyarazi.
2. AWG Gauge: Igipimo cyabanyamerika Wire Gauge (AWG) gikoreshwa mugupima insinga, hamwe nimero nini yerekana insinga zoroshye.
3. Igipimo kiriho (A): Umuyoboro ntarengwa insinga irashobora gutwara neza nta bushyuhe bukabije, ukurikije ibikoresho byayo.
4. Ikoreshwa: Porogaramu zisanzwe kuri buri bunini bwa kabili, byerekana aho insinga ikoreshwa cyane hashingiwe kubisabwa ingufu.

Icyitonderwa:

• Abayobora Umuringamuri rusange izatwara urwego rwo hejuru ugereranije naimiyoboro ya aluminiumkumwanya umwe wambukiranya igice kubera umuringa mwiza.
• Uwitekaibikoresho byo kubika.
• Iyi mbonerahamwe nibyerekanan'ibipimo byihariye byaho nibisabwa bigomba guhora bigenzurwa kugirango bipime neza.

Kuva mu 2009,Danyang Winpower Wire na Cable Mfg Co, Ltd.imaze imyaka igera kuri 15 ihinga mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga, ikusanya ubunararibonye mu nganda no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Twibanze ku kuzana ubuziranenge buhanitse, hirya no hino hamwe no kwishakamo ibisubizo ku isoko, kandi buri gicuruzwa cyemejwe cyane n’imiryango yemewe n’ibihugu by’i Burayi n’Abanyamerika, bikwiranye n’ibikenewe mu guhuza ibintu bitandukanye. Itsinda ryacu ry’umwuga rizaguha inama zuzuye za tekiniki hamwe n’inkunga ya serivisi yo guhuza insinga, nyamuneka twandikire! Danyang Winpower yifuza kujyana nawe, kugirango ubuzima bwiza hamwe.