Hamwe n'inganda zimodoka zigenda zishimangira vuba, amashanyarazi yabaye ibintu bikomeye mubinyabiziga bigezweho. Hano hari bamwe mubashya baheruka mumashanyarazi yimodoka:
1.Ibimenyetso byo hejuru ya evs
Inkweto za volutge zo mu mashanyarazi ni ibice by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo uhuze bateri ya volut-voltage. Ugereranije n'imivugo ikoreshwa mu modoka gakondo ya lisansi, insinga z'amashanyarazi zidafite volutge zifite ibiranga ibi bikurikira n'ibisabwa:
Voltage ndende hamwe nubutaka burebure bwa voltage bwagenewe gukemura voltage kugeza kuri 600vac / 900vDC (imodoka zitsinda) cyangwa 100vDC (Imodoka zubucuruzi ziva kuri 450A cyangwa hejuru. Ibi birenze urugero kuri sisitemu ya 12v mubisanzwe ikoreshwa mubinyabiziga bisanzwe bya lisansi.
Ibikoresho byuyobora: Mubisanzwe byubatswe mubisanzwe byubatswe numugozi woroshye wumuringa cyangwa umugozi wumuringa woroshye kugirango uyobore neza kandi uhanganye. Inshinge z'umuringa za ogisijeni (zirimo kuri 0.001% ogisijeni no kurenga 99.99%) zikoreshwa cyane mu migozi ya ev ndende-volutge.
Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho byo guswera: Kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa na insinga ndende hamwe ninsinga zuzuye, voltage ya voltifoni ndende, nka felicone ikanahinduka ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe na polsolefin yo hejuru, kandi irashobora guhangana nubushyuhe burenze 150 ℃.
Kwipimisha no kubarinda: inkwi-volunga zisaba ingabo ya electomagnetike kugirango igabanye urusaku rwamateka, mugihe cyo kurinda amashanyarazi, no kwinjiza umukungugu (nko kurwanya ivumbi, no kurwanya ikariso mubidukikije bikaze.
Igishushanyo nuwifu: Igishushanyo mbonera cyamazi cyimodoka zikeneye kuzirikana inzitizi zo kwizirikana, ibisabwa byibuze birimo milimetero 100 cyangwa byinshi hagati ya voltage-voltage. Indwara yo kunama ya kabili, intera yo gutunganya ibikoresho nibidukikije bikoreshwa (urugero imbere cyangwa hanze yimodoka) nabyo bizagira ingaruka kubishushanyo byacyo no guhitamo.
AMABANGAZO N'IBISOBANURA: Igishushanyo no gukora insinga-voltage ndende kubinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bikurikira ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda, nk'ibipimo by'imikino 356-2019 insinga z'amajwi Aya mahame ashyira ahagaragara ibisabwa byimikorere yamashanyarazi, imikorere yimikorere nibidukikije byinsinga.
Porogaramu: Inkweto-voltage ndende kubinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi ntibikoreshwa gusa mu guhuza ibinyabiziga, ariko kandi bihuza hagati ya bateri hamwe na bateri, hagati ya bateri na moteri y'ibikoresho n'ibindi bikoresho. Insinga zigomba kuba zishoboye kwihanganira imiterere iteye ubwoba nkibidukikije byinshi kandi bike, spray yumunyu, imirima ya elecromagnetike, amavuta n'imiti.
Iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwa inkwi-volutge-volutge yo hejuru kubinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi nimwe mubintu byingenzi mugutezimbere ejo hazaza harambye kandi winshuti zinshuti zo kugenda kwamashanyarazi. Nkuko ikoranabuhanga ryamashanyarazi rikomeje gutera imbere, imikorere n'amahame y'insinga za volunga nyinshi zikomeje guhitamo kugira ngo zishyire imbere icyifuzo cyo kwanduza amashanyarazi.
2. Insinga yoroheje ya aluminium
Kwemeza insinga yoroheje ya aluminiyumu nimwe mubyingenzi mu nganda zimodoka, cyane cyane mu nganda nshya zishinzwe ingufu, mugukurikirana ingufu zoroheje, mugukurikirana ingufu no gutanga imbaraga. Ibikurikira ni isesengura rirambuye ryumugozi woroshye wa aluminiyumu:
Amavu n'amavuko
Igitekerezo cyoroheje cyoroshye: Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, igishushanyo cyoroheje cyoroheje kirazamurwa. Insinga n'umugozi, nk'ibice by'ingenzi byo kwanduza amashanyarazi, gakondo byagenewe gukoresha umuringa nk'uwiyobora, ariko insinga y'umuringa ihenze kandi iremereye. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryubwiza-bworoshye, umuyoboro winkingi nkeya aluminiyumu n'umugozi wimodoka wahindutse amahitamo akenewe kugirango igishushanyo mbonera cyoroshye.
Aluminium inkwi: Inganda gakondo zifite amateka maremare yo gukoresha insinga za aluminium, umugozi muto, uburemere bworoshye, ubuzima burebure, bukwiriye cyane cyane kwanduza indwara ndende. Ubushinwa bukungahaye ku mutungo wa aluminium, ibiciro bihindagurika, bigura neza kandi byoroshye kugenzura. Mu nganda nshya yibinyabiziga, ikoreshwa ryimigozi ya aluminiyumu aho kuba insinga z'umuringa nigisubizo cyiza cyo kugabanya ibiro nibiciro.
Ibicuruzwa bya aluminium
Bus Bus: Gupakira Bateri imbere kandi hanze ya Ultrasonic Welding Aluminium, Imbaraga nini za diameter zihuza imikoreshereze, ibyiza byo gukoresha insinga, ibyiza byo gukoresha insinga biragaragara.
Imodoka y'abagenzi: DC Busbar Arepts 50mm2 umugozi wa aluminimu, wakozwe neza. Gukoresha gusudira ultrasonic biteza imbere imikorere yamashanyarazi yingingo kandi bigabanya neza ubuziranenge bwa handness handness ugereranije ninsinga z'umuringa.
AC Kwishyuza imbunda: Gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi zinasana-kurwanya aluminimu, uburemere bwicyo, imikorere ihamye mu kizamini cyo gusaza, buhoro buhoro yatangiye umusaruro mwinshi; DC Kwishyuza Port Imodoka ikoresha insinga zitwara abagenzi kugirango ziteze imbere itandukanijwe nubushyuhe, kandi ubusuzi bwa ultrasonic bukoreshwa cyane kumikorere yicyambu, itezimbere imikorere yamashanyarazi, kandi igabanya ingano yubushyuhe, kandi igabanya ubushyuhe bwakozwe, kandi bukamura ubuzima bwa serivisi.
Itandukaniro ryimikorere hagati yumuringa na aluminium
Kurwanya no Gutwara: Bitewe no kurwanya aluminiyumu n'umuringa, imikorere y'uyobora aluminiyumu ni iacs 62%. Iyo igice cyambukiranya igice cyumuyobozi wa aluminium ni inshuro 1.6 zumuringa, imikorere yamashanyarazi ni kimwe nuwungambi.
Ikigereranyo rusange: uburemere bwihariye bwa aluminiyumu ni 2.7Kg / m3, uburemere bwihariye bwumuringa 8.89KG / M3, igipimo rusange cya bibiri ni ((8.89 × 1) ≈50%. Ibi bivuze ko munsi yimikorere imwe y'amashanyarazi, ubwinshi bwumuyobozi wa aluminium ni 1/2 gusa bwumubiri wumuringa.
Umwanya w'isoko n'ibyiringiro
Umubare wiyongere wumwaka: Ukurikije isesengura ryisoko, umubare witerambere ryumwaka wa Aluminiyumu Urupapuro rwa Aluminium ruzaba hafi 30% kuri 2025, ryerekana amahirwe menshi ya aluminium mukibuga cyimodoka.
Isesengura ridashidikanywaho
Ibintu byateganijwe: Nubwo insinga za aluminium zifite ibyiza, hari ibintu bibi byo kwiyongera kwa aluminiyumu mu nganda zimodoka, zishobora kugira ingaruka kumuvuduko winsinga za aluminimu.
INGORANE ZIKURIKIRA: Gushyira mu bikorwa insinga za aluminimu mu modoka ziracyafite ibibazo bya tekinike, nko kuzamura imibonano y'amashanyarazi hamwe no guhitamo gutandukana n'ubushyuhe, bigomba gukemurwa binyuze mu nshyi y'ikoranabuhanga.
Kwemeza insinga yoroheje ya aluminiyumu ni inzira yanze bikunze inganda zimodoka kugirango ukurikirane ingufu zo kuzigama no kubyuka, no kunoza intera. Hamwe nuburyo buhoraho bwikoranabuhanga no kurushaho guhitamo ikiguzi, gushyira mu bikorwa insinga za aluminimu mu nganda zikoresha imodoka zizaba nini, zitanga umusanzu w'ingenzi mu kwigunga kw'imodoka no kugabanya ingufu zo kuzigama no kugaburira ingufu zo kuzigama no kugaburira ingufu zo kuzigama no kuzimangana.
3. Inkweto zagize kugabanuka Emi
Kwivanga bya electromagnetic (eMI) mumodoka ni ikibazo kitoroshye, cyane cyane mubinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi no kuvanga kubera gukoresha cyane ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Nkumwe mubaterankunga bakuru kuri EMI, igishushanyo mbonera no guhitamo ibikoresho bya harémotive harnesoes yimodoka ni ngombwa kugirango tugabanye EMI. Hano hari ingingo zingenzi zuburyo bwo kugabanya EMI mumodoka binyuze mu gukoresha insinga zikingiwe:
Nigute insinga zikinze: insinga zagize uruhare mu kongeramo igice cyicyuma. Inganda zishingiye ku butaka, bityo igaburira EMI
Ubwoko bw'ingabo: Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwo gukingira: Shyira ibyuma bikingira byikirere kandi bikingira ubusa. Ingabo zanditseho zitanga imbaraga zubukanishi na guhinduka, mugihe ingabo yabyo itanga ikingira neza kumubiri muto. Mugukoresha ibinyabiziga, birasanzwe gukoresha guhuza ubwo bwoko bubiri bikingira kugirango bikingira neza.
Gutandukanya ingabo: Kugirango umugozi ukingiwe utange neza, ingabo igomba kuba ifite neza. Niba ingabo idashimye neza, irashobora guhinduka kandi yongera EMI ahubwo yiyongereyeho.umodoka, birasanzwe ko shyira ingabo ku ibyuma kugirango utange inzira nziza.
Aho insinga zipiganwa zikoreshwa: Mumodoka, insinga zipiganwa zikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibimenyetso bikomeye no kugenzura byoroshye imirongo ishobora kwibasirwa na emi cyangwa ishobora guhinduka EMI cyangwa ishobora kuba EMI ikomoka kuri EMI cyangwa ishobora kuba EMI cyangwa ishobora kuba EMI. Kurugero, imirongo ikoreshwa mubice bigenzura moteri (ecus), ibimenyetso bya sensor, imiyoboro yimodoka (urugero, bisi), hamwe na sisitemu yimyidagaduro isanzwe ikoreshwa insinga.
Gukoresha insinga zikingiwe hamwe nimiti itemewe: Mubidukikije bidafunze aho umwanya ari muto, voltage-voltage ndende hamwe na voltage-voltage ikunze gushyirwa hafi. Kugirango ugabanye EMI, umugozi muremure wa voltage urashobora gukorerwa nkumugozi ukingiwe, mugihe umugozi muto wa voltage urashobora kutagira umwete. Muri ubu buryo, ingabo yinkingi ndende ya voltage irinda umugozi muto wa voltage muri EMI.
Imiterere n'ibishushanyo: Usibye gukoresha insinga zikijwe, imiterere ikwiye nayo nayo ingenzi cyane. Gushinga imirongo mumivubibu bigomba kwirindwa, nkuko imizigo yongera EMI. Byongeye kandi, insinga igomba kuba iri kure bishoboka kuva amasoko ya EMI, nka motors hamwe nabahindura imbaraga.
Gukoresha muyunguruzi: hiyongereyeho insinga zikingiwe, emi zirashobora kongerwaho kumpera zombi zubwami kugirango ugabanye EMI. Akayunguruzo birashobora kuba capat cyangwa indumisi, iyungurura urusaku muminota yihariye.
Muri make, ukoresheje insinga zikinze kandi zibahuza imiterere iburyo hamwe nuburyo bwo kuyungururamo, emi mumodoka birashobora kugabanuka cyane, bityo bigatuma kwizerwa nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
4. Insinga zo hejuru cyane
Inkweto zirwanya ubushyuhe ni insinga zagenewe inganda zimodoka kugirango zikomeze imikorere ihamye mubushyuhe bwinshi. Bakozwe ahanini nibikoresho byihariye kugirango barizere ko kwizerwa no kwizerwa mubushyuhe bwinshi nkibice bya moteri. Hano hari ibikoresho bike bikoreshwa kumashanyarazi yo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi:
TEPO Ibikoresho: Elaspeclamest therkostic (elaspeplastike, harimo stylemest, olefins, imirire ya vinyl, polyide, polyesters, esters, excoforines, ibinyabuzima na vinylenes. Kugeza ubu, ingurube (Stryrene-Etylene-Butylene-Styrene Guhagarika Copolymer) ishingiye kuri Elastomers) ni ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane.
Ibikoresho bya TPU: Polhopplastithane ya tpu (TheRoplastique Polyurethane), imiterere ya molekayi igabanijwemo ubwoko bwa polyester.
Ibikoresho bya PVC: CHLOVIYL CHLODE (POLYVIYL CHLORIDE), ukoresheje inzitizi zitandukanye zo kugenzura ubwitonzi bwayo, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa "Inzitizi".
Ibikoresho bya Silicone: Ibikoresho bikora cyane, ibintu bya amorhous, gutwika reberi. Silicone ifite ubushyuhe buhebuje n'ubukonje n'ubushyuhe bukabije, kuva -60 ° C kugeza kuri 180 ° C ndetse no hanze ya.
Xlpe yahujwe na polyethylene: binyuze mu mvange ya consaling yo muri thermomer, kunoza imitungo yo mu rwego rwo kurwanya imitungo, imiti irwanya ubushyuhe bwaguwe, imikorere yateye imbere. Umugozi wa Xlpe rimwe na rimwe bibaho, umusaruro wa dioxyde wa karuboni n'amazi, ugereranije ninshuti.
Guhitamo no gukoresha ibi bikoresho bituma insinga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane mugihe cyigihe kirekire mubushyuhe bwo hejuru nkibice bya moteri kandi hafi ya sisitemu isanzwe ya sisitemu yamashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, insinga zirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi zifite ibyiza byo kurwanya peteroli, kurwanya amazi, guhinga kwa Aliki, kurwanya amashanyarazi, ibigo byiyongera, ingufu, ibyuma, imashini. Iyo uhisemo insinga zubushyuhe hejuru, ugomba guhitamo icyitegererezo gikwiye ukurikije ibintu nyirizina, ubushyuhe nibindi bikoresho kugirango umenye neza ko umugozi ufite umutekano.
5. Insinga zifite ubwenge hamwe na sensor ihuriweho
Inkweto zimodoka zifite imyanzuro ihuriweho nigice cyingenzi cyimodoka zubwenge za kijyambere, kandi bafite uruhare runini mumashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki na elegitoroniki. Insinga zimodoka ntabwo ari zo nyirabayazana gusa no kohereza gusa imbaraga, ariko icy'ingenzi, bitwaza ibimenyetso byamakuru n'ibimenyetso byo kugenzura (MCUS), n'ibindi bikoresho byo kugenzura (ecus) mu modoka, bikora "umuyoboro wa Haltional".
Imikorere n'akamaro k'umugozi w'amadini
Gukwirakwiza amakuru: insinga yimodoka ifite inshingano zo kohereza amakuru kuva ba sensor kugera kuri MCU namategeko kuva MCU na Accuator. Aya makuru arimo, ariko ntabwo agarukira gusa, umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, umwanya, nibindi, kandi ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku kugenzura neza imodoka.
Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi: Umugozi utagurishijwe gusa, ahubwo ushinzwe kandi gukwirakwiza imbaraga kubikoresho bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki mumodoka kugirango barebe neza ko bakora neza.
Umutekano n'umutekano: umugozi washizweho ufite umutekano mubitekerezo, nko gukoresha ibikoresho byuburaro hamwe no kwemeza ko umuzenguruko ushimishije, kugirango umenye ko umuzenguruko ushobora gucibwa mugihe runaka, yirinda ingaruka zishoboka.
Ibisabwa
Igishushanyo mbonera cyimodoka yimodoka kigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa bikurikira:
Kwizerwa: insinga zigomba gushobora gukora byimazeyo mubidukikije bitandukanye bikaze mumodoka, harimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe buke, kunyeganyega.
Kuramba: insinga zigomba kuramba bihagije kugirango uhangane nigihe kinini cyo gukoresha nta gutsindwa.
Umutekano: insinga zigomba kwigarurirwa neza kugirango ugabanye ibyago byumuzunguruko bigufi kandi ufite uburyo bukenewe bwo kurindwa.
Umucyo woroshye: Hamwe no kuganisha ku modoka zoroheje, insinga nazo zigomba no kuba urumuri kandi rworoshye bishoboka kugabanya uburemere rusange bw'ikinyabiziga.
Guhuza electromagnetic: insinga zigomba kugira imikorere myiza yo gukingira kugirango ugabanye ibimenyetso.
Porogaramu
Insinga zimodoka zikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu zitandukanye zimodoka, harimo ariko ntigarukira kuri:
Sisitemu yo kugenzura moteri: guhuza moteri ecu hamwe na sensor na aintors kumenya neza moteri.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura umubiri: Guhuza Imiterere yumubiri (BCM) hamwe na Windows, Gufunga umuryango, Kumurika nibindi bya sisitemu.
Sisitemu yo Gufasha Abashoferi: Guhuza Adas (sisitemu yo gufashanya ibinyabiziga byateye imbere) igenzura hamwe na sensor nka kamera na radar.
Sisitemu yo Kumari: Guhuza Ikigo cya Multimediya hamwe nabavuga amajwi, sisitemu yo kugendana, nibindi
Ibihe by'ejo hazaza
Nkibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'amashanyarazi bigenda bihinduka, rero insinga zimodoka. Ibihe bizaza birimo:
Ubwubatsi bushingiye ku bubiko: Nka auhitronike ya elegitoronike kuva kuva mu maganwa yagabanijwe, uburebure bukomeye kandi bugabanuka bugabanuka, bugagabana uburemere bw'imodoka no kunoza imikorere yamakuru.
Imicungire yubwenge: insinga zizahuza ibice byubwenge, nka sensor-ibyuma byubwenge hamwe nabahuza ubwenge, bigashoboka kwisuzumisha no gutanga raporo.
Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bishya: Guhagarika uburemere no kunoza imikorere, insinga zishobora gukorwa mubikoresho bishya byoroheje.
Inkota yimodoka ni ibice byingenzi bihuza sisitemu ya elegitoroniki, kandi igishushanyo cyabo nibikorwa birakomeye kugirango ubone umutekano no kwizerwa byimodoka. Mugihe tekinoroji yubuhanga hamwe na elegitoroniki yihuta, insinga yimodoka yimodoka izakomeza guhinduka kugirango ibone ikenewe hakenewe imikorere.
6. Biodegradage na Eco-Inzitizi Yinshuti
Kurwanya inyuma yo gukurikirana ibidukikije no guteza imbere ibidukikije n'iterambere rirambye, biodedadable ishingiye ku bidukikije no kuba inkwi zishyushye mu nganda zikora automotive. Iyi miti ntabwo yujuje ibyifuzo byinganda zimodoka mubijyanye n'imikorere, ariko kandi werekane ibyiza byinshi mubijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije.
Biodegradadiable insinga zuzuye
Insinga zuzuye zikozwe mu bikoresho byo kwigarurira biriyo, bikunze kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye, birashobora kubora buhoro buhoro binyuze muri metabolism za mikorobe kandi amaherezo ihinduka molekile ntoya yangiza ibidukikije, nka dioxyde ya karubone n'amazi. Iyi nzira isanzwe isaba igihe runaka kandi kibereye ibidukikije. Gukoresha insinga za Biodegradable zijyanye namahame yiterambere ryicyatsi kandi rirambye. Iremeza imikorere yinsinga mugihe ugabanya ingaruka kubidukikije kandi biteza imbere iterambere ryinganda zatsi.
Insinga zifite ibintu bidahumanya
Kudahutira kwikuramo imigozi ikoresha insinga ikoresha kutagira ingaruka zidahwitse kugirango usimbuze ibikoresho byo kwikuramo birimo ibintu bikabije birimo imiti gakondo. Iyi nshyashya ntabwo igabanya gusa umwanda wibidukikije, ahubwo inazana umutekano no kwizerwa kwinsinga.
Ibikoresho bishingiye kubikoresho byimodoka
Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri bio, cyane cyane aside ya Polylactike (Pla), abanyamakuru na Nylon, bifite amahirwe menshi yo gukora ibinyabuzima bitewe na biodes, hamwe nibikoresho byimbere (VOC) birimo ibintu bihindagurika (VOC). Hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi mubikorwa byumusaruro, acide polylactic (pli), nkuko polymer ishingiye kuri bio ikomoka mumitungo kamere, yanabonye iterambere ryinshi. Pla ni synthesied mu bigori bisanzwe. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kubora muri CO2 na H2O na mikorobe nyuma yo gutabwa, ntamatera umwanda mubidukikije, kandi bikaba bizwi nkibikoresho bishya bya Eco ari icyatsi kandi kirambye mu kinyejana cya 21.
Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bya TPU mu nsinga zimodoka
Ibikoresho bya Polhonethane (TPU) ntibitanga gusa imikorere myiza gusa, ariko nanone ni Biodegrame (Imitungo 3-5) kandi igasubiramo ibikoresho bishya bitanga amahitamo agenga inkwi, bifasha kugabanya ingaruka kubidukikije.
INGORANE N'IMVUGO
Nubwo insinga zijyanye na ecodemotive kandi yinshuti zibuza ibyiza byinshi, gusaba kwabo guhura nibibazo bimwe na bimwe. Kurugero, umuvuduko wo gutesha agaciro bigira ingaruka kubibazo bidukikije, bisaba gusuzuma witonze no guhitamo ibintu bisanzwe. Muri icyo gihe, imikorere no gutuza ibikoresho byo kwisuzumisha bishobora gutesha agaciro bigomba guhora byiyongera kandi bigeragezwa kugirango twiringizwe n'umutekano wabo. Mugihe kizaza, nkuko ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere no kumenyekanisha ibidukikije, biteganijwe ko umuvumo wimodoka uteganijwe kugira uruhare runini mu nganda zimodoka, utwara inganda zose mu cyerekezo cyangiza ibidukikije kandi kirambye.
Umuyoboro wa danyangifite uburambe bwimyaka 15 muburatsi no gukora imigozi, i
Ibicuruzwa bikuru: Inka y'izuba, insinga za bateri,Inzoba, Ul umugozi,
Amafoto yo kwagura amafoto, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu afite ingwate.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Aug-30-2024