Insinga zo gukora amashanyarazi yo murugo: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye

1. IRIBURIRO

Amashanyarazi nigice cyingenzi mubuzima bwa none, guha imbaraga ibintu byose mumatara nibikoresho byo gushyushya no guhumeka. Ariko, niba sisitemu yamashanyarazi idashyizweho neza, barashobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye, nkumuriro n'amashanyarazi. Guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwa kabili kugirango ishyireho amashanyarazi yo murugo ningirakamaro kumutekano no gukora neza. Aka gatabo kazasobanura ubwoko butandukanye bwinsinga z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu ngo, ingano zabo, impungenge z'umutekano, n'ibyifuzo byo kubungabunga amashanyarazi meza.

2. Ubwoko bwinsinga z'amashanyarazi kubikorwa byo murugo

Mu rugo, amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa binyuze mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi zihuza agasanduku ka serivisi ku muzunguruko utandukanye. Iyi migozi iratandukanye mubunini n'ubwoko bitewe n'imikorere yabo. Ubwoko bumwe busanzwe burimo:

• Insinga z'amashanyarazi:Ikoreshwa mu mashanyarazi rusange kuri socket n'ibikoresho.
• Insinga zo gucana:Byumwihariko byagenewe imbaraga.
• Insinga zituje:Ibyingenzi kumutekano, iyi migozi ifasha gukumira amashanyarazi atanga inzira yo gucika amashanyarazi.
• Insinga zoroshye:Ikoreshwa muguhuza ibikoresho bikeneye kugenda, nko gukaraba imashini zimesa cyangwa firine.

3. Guhitamo igice gikwiye cyamazu

Ingano y'umugozi w'amashanyarazi, uzwi ku izina ryayo cyangwa ku gagereza, kigena umubare uriho ushobora gutwara. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo murugo nibikoresho bisaba ubunini butandukanye:

• Ibikorwa byo guhumeka hamwe nibisabwa bikenewe insinga zijimye kuko zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi.
• Ibikoresho bito nk'imatara hamwe na terefone igendanwa bisaba insinga.

Gukoresha ubunini bwa kabili bubi bushobora gutuma twubahwa cyane no kurwara umuriro, ni ngombwa rero guhitamo ukuri gushingiye kungufu abazunguruko.

4. Insinga yasabwe kubikorwa byo murugo

Imwe muburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya amashanyarazi niWinpower H05V-K na H07v-k insinga. Iyi migozi itanga:

• Guhinduka cyane:Bituma byoroshye kwishyiriraho, cyane cyane ahantu hafunganye.
• Kuramba:Kurwanya kunama no kwambara.
• Ibiruka byangiza ibidukikije:Yatanzwe muri metero 100 cyangwa 200 yagabanijwemo amakarito.
• Amabara - code:Amabara atandukanye yerekana ibice bitandukanye, bigatuma indangamuntu byoroshye.

5. Amabara yinkoni yamashanyarazi ukurikije ubuziranenge

Insinga z'amashanyarazi zigomba kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga yumutekano nkaUNE-EN 50525, IEC 60227, na CPR (amabwiriza yubwubatsi). Amabara atandukanye akoreshwa mugutandukanya ubwoko bwinsinga:

• Insinga zizima:Umukara, umukara, cyangwa umutuku (witwaze amashanyarazi mu isoko y'amashanyarazi)
• Insinga zidafite aho zibogamiye:Ubururu cyangwa imvi (subiza igezweho kumashanyarazi)
• Insinga z'ubutaka:Umuhondo-icyatsi (gutanga inzira yumutekano kumashanyarazi)

Gukurikiza aya mabara agenga ubudahuza n'umutekano mu mashanyarazi.

6.Amashanyarazi yintsima yo kwishyiriraho murugo

Guhitamo imiyoboro iboneye iremeza ko amashanyarazi arebera. Hano haribintu byasabwe kubusa kubisabwa murugo:

• 1.5 mm²- ikoreshwa mu gucana imirongo.
• 2.5 mm²- Birakwiriye muri rusange-gukoresha socket, ubwiherero, nigikoni.
• 4 mm²- ikoreshwa kubikoresho biremereye nko imashini zimesa, zumisha, n'amabuye y'amazi.
• 6 mm²- Birasabwa kubikoresho byinshi byamashanyarazi nkibice, bikonjesha, no gushyushya.

Niba ingano mbi yicunga ikoreshwa, irashobora gutera ubushyuhe bukabije bwo kubaka, kongera ibyago byumuriro.

7. Ibibazo byumutekano byamashanyarazi hamwe ningaruka

Amashanyarazi mu ngo arashobora kuvamo ibikomere bikomeye, umuriro, ndetse no gupfa. Impamvu zikunze gutuma amashanyarazi arimo:

• Umuzunguruko urenze- Ibikoresho byinshi byacometse mumuzunguruko umwe birashobora kumara insinga.
• Umusenyi- insinga za kera cyangwa zangiritse zirashobora kwerekana insinga zizima, ziganisha ku gihuru cyangwa imirongo migufi.
• Kubura- Hatabayeho ubutaka bukwiye, amashanyarazi arashobora gutemba atateganijwe, yongera ibyago byo gukomera.

Kwiga Ikibazo: Umutekano w'amashanyarazi mu Burayi

Ibihugu byinshi by'Uburayi byavuzwe ingaruka nyinshi zijyanye no mu rugo rudafite amashanyarazi:

• Espagne:Kwandika umuriro w'amashanyarazi ku mwaka, bigatera miliyoni 100 z'amayoba. Amazu miliyoni 14 afatwa nkabadafite umutekano kubera inkinzo zishaje.
• Ubufaransa:Gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kugenzura imyaka 10, ifasha gukumira umuriro w'amashanyarazi.
• Ubudage:30% by'umuriro wo munzu uturuka kumakosa y'amashanyarazi, akenshi mumazu ashaje adafite ibintu bigezweho byumutekano.
• Ububiligi & Ubuholandi:Saba igenzura ryamashanyarazi mugihe ugurisha cyangwa gukodesha amazu kugirango ubone umutekano.
• Ubutaliyani:Meporosha amashanyarazi 25.000 kumwaka, ahanini yatewe no kwirambirwa.
• Ubusuwisi:Amabwiriza yigihugu akomeye yubahiriza amashanyarazi asanzwe.
• Ibihugu bya Scandinaviya (Danemark, Suwede, Noruveje):Saba insinga zirwanya umuriro hamwe na sisitemu yo murugo.

8. Ibyifuzo byumutekano wamashanyarazi no kubungabunga

Kugabanya ingaruka z'amashanyarazi, abahanga basaba ingamba z'umutekano zikurikira:

• Ubugenzuzi buri gihe:Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi igomba gusuzumwa buri gihe, cyane cyane mumazu ashaje.
• Ntukabure umuzunguruko:Irinde gucomeka ibikoresho byinshi muburyo bumwe.
• Ibikoresho bidahwitse mugihe bidakoreshwa:Irinda gukoresha amashanyarazi bitari ngombwa no kwishyurwa.
• Koresha Ingano nziza ya Cable:Kwemeza kohereza neza amashanyarazi ntarushye.
• Shyiramo ibikoresho bisigaye (RCDS):Iyi sano yumutekano yagabanije imbaraga niba babonye kumeneka.

9. UMWANZURO

Ukoresheje insinga zukuri zubukungu no kubungabunga urugo rwibikorwa neza neza birashobora kwirinda impanuka n'umuriro. Ukurikije ibipimo byumutekano, bigayobora ubugenzuzi busanzwe, no gukoresha insinga zo hejuru nkaWinpower H05v-K na H07v-K, Ba nyir'inzu barashobora gukora sisitemu y'amashanyarazi itekanye kandi yizewe. Kubungabunga buri gihe no gukoresha bifite inshingano nurufunguzo rwo guharanira umutekano wamashanyarazi muri buri rugo.