Intsinga zo Kwishyiriraho Amashanyarazi Yimbere: Imiyoboro Yuzuye

1. Intangiriro

Amashanyarazi nigice cyingenzi mubuzima bugezweho, guha imbaraga ibintu byose uhereye kumatara nibikoresho kugeza gushyushya no guhumeka. Ariko, niba sisitemu y'amashanyarazi idashyizweho neza, irashobora guteza ibyago bikomeye, nk'umuriro ndetse n'amashanyarazi. Guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwa kabili mugushiraho amashanyarazi murugo ni ngombwa kubwumutekano no gukora neza. Aka gatabo kazasobanura ubwoko butandukanye bw'insinga z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu ngo, ingano yazo, impungenge z'umutekano, hamwe n'inama zo kubungabunga sisitemu y'amashanyarazi itekanye.

2. Ubwoko bw'insinga z'amashanyarazi kubikoresho byo murugo

Mu rugo, amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa hifashishijwe insinga z'amashanyarazi zihuza agasanduku ka serivisi n'imirongo itandukanye. Izi nsinga ziratandukanye mubunini n'ubwoko bitewe n'imikorere yabyo. Ubwoko bumwe busanzwe burimo:

• Umugozi w'amashanyarazi:Byakoreshejwe mumashanyarazi rusange kumaseti n'ibikoresho.
• Amatara yo kumurika:Byagenewe byumwihariko kumashanyarazi.
• Intsinga zifatika:Ibyingenzi kumutekano, izi nsinga zifasha gukumira inkuba zitanga inzira kumashanyarazi yazimiye.
• Intsinga zoroshye:Ikoreshwa muguhuza ibikoresho bikenera kugenda, nkimashini imesa cyangwa firigo.

3. Guhitamo Umugozi Ukwiye Igice Cyamazu

Ingano ya kabili y'amashanyarazi, izwi nkigice cyayo cyangwa igipimo, igena ingano ishobora gutwara. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo murugo nibikoresho bisaba ubunini bwa kabili:

• Ibikoresho bifata ibyuma bikonjesha hamwe nitanura bikenera insinga nini kuko zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi.
• Ibikoresho bito nk'itara n'amashanyarazi ya terefone igendanwa bisaba insinga zoroshye.

Gukoresha ingano ya kabili itari yo irashobora gutuma hashyuha cyane hamwe n’impanuka ziterwa n’umuriro, bityo rero ni ngombwa guhitamo icyiza ukurikije ingufu zikenewe zumuzunguruko.

4. Basabwe insinga zo gushiraho murugo

Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi murugo niWinpower H05V-K na H07V-K insinga. Intsinga zitanga:

• Ihinduka ryinshi:Bituma kwishyiriraho byoroshye, cyane cyane ahantu hafunganye.
• Kuramba:Kurwanya kunama no kwambara.
• Gupakira ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije:Yatanzwe muri metero 100 cyangwa 200 zasubiwemo amakarito yamakarito.
• Ibara-Kode:Amabara atandukanye yerekana ibice bitandukanye, bituma kumenyekanisha byoroshye.

5. Kode y'amabara y'insinga z'amashanyarazi Ukurikije Ibipimo

Intsinga z'amashanyarazi zigomba kubahiriza ibipimo mpuzamahanga byumutekano nkaUNE-EN 50525, IEC 60227, na CPR (Kugenzura ibicuruzwa byubaka). Amabara atandukanye akoreshwa mugutandukanya ubwoko bwinsinga:

• Insinga nzima:Umuhondo, umukara, cyangwa umutuku (gutwara amashanyarazi ava mumashanyarazi)
• Insinga zitabogamye:Ubururu cyangwa imvi (garuka ikigezweho kumasoko yimbaraga)
• Insinga z'ubutaka:Umuhondo-icyatsi (tanga inzira yumutekano kumashanyarazi)

Gukurikiza ibipimo byamabara byemeza umutekano hamwe nubushakashatsi mumashanyarazi.

6.Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi Gauge yo Gushyira murugo

Guhitamo insinga ya kabili ikwiye itanga amashanyarazi neza. Hano harasabwa ingano ya kabili kubisanzwe murugo:

• 1.5 mm²- Yifashishijwe mu gucana imirongo.
• 2,5 mm²- Birakwiriye muri rusange-gukoresha socket, ubwiherero, nigikoni.
• 4 mm²- Ikoreshwa mubikoresho biremereye nkimashini imesa, ibyuma, hamwe nubushyuhe bwamazi.
• 6 mm²- Birakenewe kubikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi nk'itanura, konderasi, hamwe na sisitemu yo gushyushya.

Niba ingano y'insinga itari yo ikoreshwa, irashobora gutera ubushyuhe bukabije, bikongera ibyago byumuriro.

7. Impungenge z'umutekano w'amashanyarazi n'ingaruka

Ingaruka z'amashanyarazi mu ngo zirashobora gukomeretsa bikomeye, umuriro, ndetse no guhitana abantu. Impamvu zikunze gutera impanuka z'amashanyarazi zirimo:

• Imirongo iremereye- Ibikoresho byinshi byacometse mumuzunguruko umwe birashobora gushyushya insinga.
• Kwizirika kera- Intsinga zishaje cyangwa zangiritse zirashobora kwerekana insinga nzima, biganisha ku guhungabana cyangwa imiyoboro migufi.
• Kubura aho bihagarara- Hatabayeho guhagarara neza, amashanyarazi arashobora gutemba bitateganijwe, byongera ibyago byamashanyarazi.

Inyigo: Umutekano w'amashanyarazi mu Burayi

Ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi byatangaje ko bishobora guteza ibibazo byinshi by’amashanyarazi mu ngo:

• Espagne:Andika umuriro w'amashanyarazi 7.300 ku mwaka, utera miliyoni 100 z'amayero. Amazu miliyoni 14 afatwa nk’umutekano muke kubera insinga zishaje.
• Ubufaransa:Ishimangira gahunda yubugenzuzi bwimyaka 10, ifasha mukurinda umuriro wamashanyarazi.
• Ubudage:30% by'umuriro wo munzu bituruka ku makosa y'amashanyarazi, akenshi mu ngo zishaje zidafite umutekano ugezweho.
• Ububiligi n'Ubuholandi:Saba ubugenzuzi bw'amashanyarazi mugihe ugurisha cyangwa ukodesha amazu kugirango umenye umutekano wiring.
• Ubutaliyani:Raporo yumuriro w'amashanyarazi 25.000 kumwaka, ahanini iterwa ninsinga zishaje.
• Busuwisi:Amabwiriza akomeye yigihugu yubahiriza igenzura risanzwe ryamashanyarazi.
• Ibihugu bya Scandinaviya (Danemarke, Suwede, Noruveje):Saba insinga zidashobora kuzimya umuriro no kugenzura sisitemu y'amashanyarazi murugo.

8. Ibyifuzo byumutekano wamashanyarazi no kubungabunga

Kugabanya ingaruka z'amashanyarazi, abahanga barasaba ingamba z'umutekano zikurikira:

• Ubugenzuzi busanzwe:Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi igomba kugenzurwa buri gihe, cyane cyane mumazu ashaje.
• Ntukarengere imizunguruko:Irinde gucomeka ibikoresho byinshi mumurongo umwe.
• Kuramo ibikoresho mugihe bidakoreshwa:Irinda gukoresha ingufu bitari ngombwa no gushyuha.
• Koresha Umugozi Ukwiye:Iremeza kohereza amashanyarazi neza nta bushyuhe bukabije.
• Shyiramo ibikoresho bisigaye (RCDs):Izi sisitemu z'umutekano zahagaritse ingufu iyo zibonye imyanda iriho.

9. Umwanzuro

Gukoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi neza no kubungabunga ibikoresho byamashanyarazi murugo neza birashobora gukumira impanuka numuriro. Mugukurikiza ibipimo byumutekano, gukora ubugenzuzi burigihe, no gukoresha insinga nziza cyane nkaWinpower H05V-K na H07V-K, banyiri amazu barashobora gukora sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yizewe kandi yizewe. Kubungabunga buri gihe no gukoresha inshingano ni urufunguzo rwo kurinda umutekano w'amashanyarazi muri buri rugo.